Nadine grodimer’s The train from Rhodesia

Nadine grodimer's The train from Rhodesia BY jzy240 Nadine Gordimer's nobel prize speech To sum up the speech, Nadine Gordimer is saying that humans as a species are natturally inquisitive and are constantly advancing. We always want the answer to all the questions. That we have evolved to communicate to find these answers quicker. Yet we may not be able to find these answers. This is where fantasy and myth can gives us the answers to compincate for the lack of the truth. They combine what is known and what we want to know. That writing and life go hand in hand with achother.Metaphorical language in The train from Rhodesia Throughout the short story the train itself is a metaphor. Not easily-envisioned one yet a metaphor all the same. It is mentioned to be a beast. For example â€Å"the steaming complaint of the resting beast†. The use of the word beast represents the train as uncontrollable and aggressive. Also the sound of the trains whistle is an eerie sound, like the howl of a wolf. The train isnt Just an out of control beast, it is like a chained beast. It was â€Å"blind and pulled helplessly' such as an oxen pulls a farmers plough.However for all its anamalistic qualities the train is given the human qualities. An example would be when the train calls out â€Å"I'm coming† is saying that the train is able to speak, therefor giving it human qualities. The train cries out â€Å"and again there was no answer† this represents humans and how they have been calling out throughout the centuries to o avail. We called out in prayer in song and in many other ways, yet no reply from anything, other than humans, came back. The train then mocks mans forever desire for an omnipotent creator, or at least an answer.

Benefits and Drivers Paper

Benefits and Drivers Paper MGT/445 Organizational Negotiations March 24, 2013 Kudler Fine Foods is a food company that specializes in selling fresh grocery products with simple ingredients used to make gourmet meals. Nearly everything a customer could want would be found within Kudler Fine Foods. Currently Kudler Fine Foods operates from three locations each offering the same service. The company is a privately held, but seeks to offer stock publicly to increase capital. The increase in revenue will allow Kudler Fine Foods to pursue avenues of innovation that can increase profit margins and spark new growth.In this paper Team A will be exploring the internal and external driving factors that influence the innovation at Kudler Fine Foods as well as an overview of how these practices benefit the company. This information is important in ensuring that Kudler Fine Foods will be able to meet their organizational objectives. Kudler Fine Foods’ will continue to make it the companyâ⠂¬â„¢s main priority to provide customer satisfaction with the selection of fresh products. Kudler Fine Food External Drives of InnovationExternal innovation is the comparison of a company’s own to a competitor’s product or service. The external drives of innovation within Kudler Fine Foods are frequent shopper program, website, and catering. Kudler Fine Foods has created a program for their customers where they sign up to receive news about the stores events, featured products, and sales (Apollo Group, Inc. , 2011). With competitors they do not provide such access to information for frequent customers they receive preventing customers from knowing critical news the organization makes presenting.With the Kudler Fine Foods website formatted into a way not only local customers can view, but also customers outside of the counties to view the website. The website has also developed an e-commerce system that will provide the organization with ability to automate all invento ries and ordering systems to track sales and order replacements made (Apollo Group, Inc. , 2011). The last external innovation of Kudler Fine Foods from other organizations is catering the organization provides (Apollo Group, Inc. , 2011). The catering aspect has ot been fully constructed into the business organizational structure, so their approach will stand out from other competitors. Their goal is to provide a link to customers on their website that will allow them to view and order specifics requirements for the event needed to be catered. The website will provide every aspect of what meals, desserts, amount needed, specific arrangements or design the customer desires for the event. With other competitors they require customers to come into the store location to make arrangements, whereas Kudler Fine Foods is providing options for the busy individual to make arrangements via Internet.Internal Drivers of Innovations Internal drivers are events that occur inside the business sect or; the drivers are the success of any organization. The internal drivers of innovation for Kudler Fine Foods are the experienced, helpful, knowledgeable staff, and how they strive to make their customers experience delightful as well as a pleasing shopping outing. The first internal driver is the experience, and this is about Kudler Fine Foods ensuring they provide customers with a good experience to grow the business.To grow the business and to make sure, they have a good experience the employees must be helpful and knowledgeable to their customer base. It is important for management and the staff to focus on the internal drivers that will ensure the success of the organization. According to Kudler Fine Foods mission statement, they shop around the world for the finest products. Kudler’s management team goes through extensive lengths to ensure they have the best products for their customers who aspire to purchase the finest epicurean delights. Innovation, Design, and Creati ve ThinkingThere has been several years’ worth of Survey Results from the Sales and Marketing department at Kudler Fine Foods. From 2011 and 2012, invaluable sources of information directly from the customers telling Kudler Fine Foods exactly the types of changes they would want like to see in the company, and it is always important to give the customer exactly what they are asking for. There are some areas that can be confirmed that Kudler is definitely on the right track, such as the high customer approval on the available store hours and the knowledgeable service staff is consistently high on customers surveyed.Unfortunately, there are other areas where customers are clearly stating that they are unhappy with the price of the merchandise and are not receiving courteous customer service on a consistent basis. Some area surveys will show that customers are satisfied with the decor and product selection at these stores, which are definitely areas of opportunity for improvemen ts to get higher customer satisfaction. Brainstorming with local owners and managers on the survey areas where the ratings are low probably would result in some good ideas or suggestions that could be implemented across the chain.After reviewing the customer’s survey results, it becomes all the more important to focus on increasing efficiency. This can be a cost reduction on the goods sold at Kudler Fine Foods, which seems to be on the top of the list of complaints by current customers over the last several years. Increasing efficiencies could include minimizing food stored and un-sold at each store, finding ways to keep low shelf-life on products in efforts to decrease cost.This might have some impact on the available products but could be weighed as to which products sell the most and lease by using some software programs for point of sale purchases and reports. By analyzing the sales and shelf-life of goods at Kudler Fine Foods, it is possible that product price could be d ropped if fewer products were wasted by going bad and not being sold in-time at some stores. Innovation is a huge factor in determining Kudler’s success. To be competitive in the market, Kudler has to think outside the box.What will get people in the doors and what is going to keep them coming back? In today’s society there are so many options and choices that, one bad experience can cause a customer to never return. Innovation is what is going to keep consumers coming back. Being able to market effectively and get people in the doors is the first step. Keeping them coming back is a whole new challenge in itself. Hiring people with creative thinking, innovation, and good marketing skills will help Kudler Fine Foods stay a step ahead of the rest and keep consumers come back for more.Kudler Fine Foods recognizes the need for innovation and acts upon the creativity of not only their employees but also their customers as well. Kudler ensures that their on-site staff is ope rational, knowledgeable, and experienced, thereby providing support throughout innovations such as website design improvements, new catering concepts, and frequent shopping programs. Customer feedback through surveys, prove that Kudler is providing services that customers appreciate but also have identified areas that may be improved upon.Kudler Fine Foods strives to meet their organizational objectives by continually seeking innovations that will expand their customer base and ensuring that they remain a favorite among the current clientele. ? Reference Apollo Group, Inc. (2011). Kudler Fine Foods. Innovation, Design, and Creativity – Overview. Retrieved from, OI/361 – Innovation, Design, and Creativity for a Competitive Advantage course website. ScandinavianMinds. com. (2009). Innovation: Internal & External. Retrieved from http://www. scandinavianminds. com/innovation-internal-external

The Fifteenth Amendment

The Fifteenth Amendment (Amendment XV) to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote-based on that citizen's â€Å"race, color, or previous condition of servitude†. It was ratified on February 3, 1870, as the third and last of the Reconstruction Amendments.In the final years of the American Civil War and the Reconstruction Era that followed, Congress repeatedly debated the rights of the millions of black former slaves. By 1869, amendments had been passed to abolish slavery and provide citizenship and equal protection under the laws, but the narrow election of Ulysses S. Grant to the presidency in 1868 convinced a majority of Republicans that protecting the franchise of black voters was important for the party's future. After rejecting more sweeping versions of a suffrage amendment, Congress proposed a compromise amendment banning franchise restrictions on the basis of race, color, or previous servitude on February 26, 1869.The amendment survived a difficult ratification fight and was adopted on March 30, 1870.United States Supreme Court decisions in the late nineteenth century interpreted the amendment narrowly, and by 1910, most black voters in the South faced obstacles such as poll taxes and literacy tests, from which white voters were exempted by grandfather clauses. A system of whites-only primaries and violent reprisals by groups such as the Ku Klux Klan also suppressed black participation.In the twentieth century, the Court interpreted the amendment more broadly, striking down grandfather clauses in Guinn v. United States (1915) and dismantling the white primary system in the â€Å"Texas primary cases† (1927–1953).Along with later measures such as the Twenty-fourth Amendment, which forbade poll taxes in federal elections, and Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections (1966), which forbade poll taxes in state elections, these decisions significantly increased bl ack participation in the American political system.

Gross Domestic Products Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gross Domestic Products - Essay Example When wage increases it would yield to higher production costs, thereby producing higher prices of goods and services and also increases the inflation rate. To station an equilibrium, unemployment rate must be consistent with the full employment rate. The interaction of supply and demand is a vital part of macroeconomics, consumer’s ability to adapt price changes and employers increasing the prices of the commodity may have several implications triggering the either inflation or stagflation. If consumers are cannot keep pace on the increasing price commodities, inflation may occur, however if employers are passing their labor cost index on consumers aiming to generate profit through price increase on commodities yet consumer can still cope up with the changes, stagflation occurs, where business did not gain anything and yet did not have any single loss. To illustrate further, we have to examine the country’s GDP of two of the world’s most prosperous nation, Austra lia, and United States. For over the past years, Australia’ economy has displayed worthily, however in 2006, it began to decline yielding only 2.5 % in real GDP. Drought, inflation, high oil prices, and economic deceleration attributed to the decreased in real GDP. (Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2007). Domestic demand brought for the country’s thrust. Domestic demand comprises of business investment. High capacity utilization and high corporate profits served as a catalyst for the growing business investment in Australia.... When wage increases it would yield to higher production costs, thereby producing higher prices of goods and services and also increases in the inflation rate. To station an equilibrium, unemployment rate must be consistent with the full employment rate. The interaction of supply and demand is a vital part of macroeconomics, consumer's ability to adapt price changes and employers increasing the prices of commodity may have several implications triggering the either inflation or stagflation. If consumer's are cannot keep pace on the increasing price commodities, inflation may occur, however if employers are passing their labor cost index on consumers aiming to generate profit through price increase on commodities yet consumer can still cope up with the changes, stagflation occurs, where business did not gain anything and yet did not have any single loss. To illustrate further, we have to examine the country's GDP of two of the world's most prosperous nation, Australia and United States . For over the past years, Australia' economy has displayed worthily, however in 2006, it began to decline yielding only 2.5 % in real GDP. Drought, inflation, high oil prices and economic deceleration attributed to the decreased in real GDP. (Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2007). Domestic demand brought for the country's thrust. Domestic demand comprises of business investment. High capacity utilization and high corporate profits served as a catalyst in the growing business investment in Australia. Capacity utilization refers to the amount pf physical capital available to firms that is in use. Firms are given ample stock of capital equipment such as machinery, office spaces, factories, computers and telecommunications as

Diana Coole and Samantha Frost argue that social and political enquiry Essay - 1

Diana Coole and Samantha Frost argue that social and political enquiry needs a new ontology which incorporates matter. Why What problem are they trying to address and how persuasive is their solution - Essay Example Coole and Frost insist that emerging realities in the fields of sciences, arts, geography, and other disciplines are sufficient proof that matter contains more active and viable qualities that previously thought. A precise understanding of the case made by the two thinkers regarding the need for ontological reviews of political and social inquiries should begin with an assessment of the new qualities, which they assign to matter. Coole and Samantha argue that matter is an excess and a force. By this, they imply that it can influence actions, activities, and processes in as many areas as it is represented. Furthermore, the two philosophers adopt the position that matter has some form of relationality and an element of difference. According to their argument, these qualities make matter active, unpredictable, self-creative, and productive. These new perceptions of matter foster alternative views regarding the influence and relationship between matter and discourses such as political and social realities. Coole and Frost engages significantly with the problem of dualism, which makes it problematic in dealing with the cultural theory. Within the context of new materialism, the two authors seek to entrench the view that the mind is essentially a material entity. By this position, new materialism challenges the views adopted by transcendentalism and humanism, which emphasize on the duality between the mind and the body. New materialism suggests that the body is the object of the mind and the two are not entirely separate but relate in one uniform continuum. It is important to regard new materialism in light of the different aspects that relate to it. For instance, by emphasizing on the primacy of the material, this new approach promotes the matter to a level that articulates various concerns that relate to the characteristic of various discourses. Other proponents of the position adopted by Coole and Frost suggest that matter feels, suffers,

Treatment Plan for Severe Heart Failure and Diabetes Research Paper

Treatment Plan for Severe Heart Failure and Diabetes - Research Paper Example It is imperative for him to take his situation seriously and consult with his physician on a regular basis, so that, if his health condition worsens, then it can be treated timely. This problem of breathlessness could also be early symptom of lung cancer, due to this possibility; Herbert’s complete physical is strongly recommended that will help in diagnosing any subtle diseases prevailing in his body. Government should also play its due role in saving this man’s life, because he is not in a good financial position, so it is the duty of federal agencies to pay his medical dues. In many cases breathlessness and hypertension are directly responsible for heart failure (Lavine & Gellman, 2002). In the light of this observation, the role of nursing and other medical staff becomes significant in saving the life of a patient. Healthy lifestyle with mild level of exercise, minimize the breathlessness, as respiratory system has to inhale sufficient amount of air to compensate fo r fatigue, in this way it starts working properly. On the other side it also causes an individual’s appetite to normalize (Nodari, Metra, Cas, & Cas, 2003). At the same time, formalized group discussion panel containing professional doctors, was unable to develop a more effective and efficient way for the treatment breathlessness and appetite disorder, in comparison with existing ones (Kasje, Denig, Stewart, Graeff, & Haaijer-Ruskamp, 2012). A revolutionary finding is being highlighted by Mangiavacchi & et al, (2008), which points out towards the increased death rate, due to heart failure, in those diabetics who were suffering from respiratory issues, and were treated by insulin, thus concluding in the favor of non-usage of insulin on diabetic heart patients. At the same time, Metformin is recommended for the treatment of diabetes in heart patients with breathlessness (Eurich & etal, 2009). Breathlessness is caused by a malfunctioning part of a respiratory system, starting fr om nose to lungs (Bennett, 2003). On the other hand, this situation can be caused by blockage of air passages of nose, thus limiting the airflow to the lungs A problem in human’s circulatory system can also cause an individual to feel breathless, because with the sufficient amount of oxygen reaching to the cells of the body. The nerves system, therefore attempts to compensate for oxygen deficiency (Bennett, 2003). By pushing respiratory rate to a higher level, as a consequence patient feels breathless. It is believed that an early detection of breathlessness and appetite loss in elder people could be helpful in treating the disease (Boonman-de Winter & etal, 2009). In the case study Mr. Herbert has been diagnosed, with breathlessness earlier, so it will be relatively simple to devise a healthcare plan for him. Along with this, his caring attitude regarding his health is commendable. Metaformin treatment is suggested for Herbert, because it does not endanger the life of a card iac patient with breathing disorder, unlike insulin (Andersson & etal, 2010). Along with the medication, proper, light and routine exercise is also prescribed for the patient under study. However, relax home environment is critical for the health of the patient. According to the findings of a preliminary study, breathlessness could

Inmate Health Care Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Inmate Health Care - Assignment Example ncerned about the high cost of medical care and many have implemented several technologies and innovative methods to reduce the cost of health care with the objective to improve the inmates’ health (Schaenman, Davies, Jordan & Chakraborty, 2013). In recent years, several technologies and information systems have been evolved, which have some contribution to the problem of inmate health care. The information system has the power to reduce the cost of medical care and enhance the outcomes of the health care. Health care means the treatment as well as prevention of diseases. Technology has a great potential to reduce the problem of health care. The information related to the healthcare of the patients is stored electronically rather than paper records, which has facilitated in easy retrieval of their health record when needed. Information system and technologies provide the several methods to enhance the quality of the health care. In the present scenario, the complication of the diseases has increased considerably; therefore, the cost of health care has also augmented. However, presently, various types of advanced technologies and information systems have been used for the treatment purpose of the inmates (Fichman, Kohli & Kri shnan, 2011). Inmate healthcare generally means the physical examination upon admission of inmates into the prison. Now the most of the institutions have implemented some methods to improve the quality of inmate healthcare and thereby reduce the cost. Information system and technology is also observed to influence the health care by increasing the quality of the life of the inmates. Technology helps in improving the method of treatment and eliminates treatment processes that are time consuming. Information system provides the essential information related to inmate healthcare and delivers ways to improve the quality of the medical care. Technology and information system, both are related to each other and work effectively with respect to the

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 21

History - Essay Example During the Middle Ages, Europeans had become keenly aware of the wealth existing outside of Europe, particularly in the Far East. Moreover, improvements in navigation and maritime technology during the 1400s meant that Europeans could access riches in other parts of the world with far more efficiency and effectiveness than ever before (McCannon 2008, 208). Spain and Portugal were the first European nations to venture across the Atlantic (Page and Sonneburg 2003, 481). Spanish reaction to the New World cultures across the Atlantic is characterized as mixed. Spanish ranchers, miners and farmers saw the Indians as a source of fre labor and set about attempting to and ultimately achieving these ambitions. Other Spaniards, particularly Spanish missionaries preferred to treat the New World Indian natives with a degree of compassion and to convert them to Christianity. Spanish bureaucrats were frequently at a crossroad, attempting to temper the call for compassion and conversion with the a desire to secure wealth by virtue of exploiting free labor (Benton 2002, 84). The Portuguese systematically took control of Asia building a commercial empire in the region. The Portuguese essentially established a monopoly over the Asian spices and other valuable products by seizing maritime control over Asian ports and acted as the sole trader between Asian nations and Europe (Love 2006, 27). Essentially, Spain and Portugal’s different treatment of their respective conquests were dictated by their respective discoveries. The Spanish encountered human capital rather than rich resources and therefore put their attention to reaping benefits in terms of free labor. The Portuguese encountered rich resources and focused their energies on taking control of those resources. In each case, the goal was to advance and improve economics and each conquering nation focused on how best to advance their economic positions by reference to the sources

Concept Paper Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 12500 words

Concept Paper - Dissertation Example By interviewing 25 past and present entrepreneurs the information gleaned within this research may improve future business ventures and provide much needed information to the business world about the steps that ultimately lead to success and those actions to avoid. The literature review of this research study has offered a variety of opinions on entrepreneur mentors, successful tips, and planning guidelines. It is hoped that the lived experiences of the participants will bring to light new information that can create a paradigm shift in the business world of today’s global economy. Background It has been a tradition in many cultures and thus past precedence that the trade of a father would be passed on to the son or other person interested in learning that skill. The ancestors of the United States were all apprentices at some point; learning the skills necessary to run a cotton plantation, become a blacksmith, a carpenter, a cobbler, or even a milliner (Levinison, 2011). Some families even bartered for their sons to be placed with the best tradesman in the community when the child was very young. Some children were place into indentured servitude, which in the end taught them a trade in exchange for their room and board and a few coins being offered to the parents. With the introduction of the Industrial Revolution, many of the old trades were forgotten as more people when to work in factories and on assemble lines. The factory jobs and assembly line work did not teach the trade as a holistic venture, but only a small portion to one person and another portion to someone else further down the line. It was easier for business men to accumulate vast wealth if they had many people doing various jobs that would create mass production of a product rather than one person completing the production of a single item from start to finish. Machines were invented that replaced the worker and the production rate continued to increase in larger quantities than any huma n could have accomplished. Those individuals who were interested in the repair of the machines found work alongside the very thing that had excluded them from the workforce. Those who did not fancy the maintenance aspect of the industry were required to seek employment elsewhere. Going back to the basics of owning a business seemed to be the answer for some, but the skills and knowledge necessary for a successful venture were lacking, as the trade had not been passed down from the previous generation. Wacker (1998) discussed how this phenomenon provide the necessary parameters for the study of entrepreneurships in the existing world. By looking at the variables, the relationships within the business, and the underlying factors, the foundation for entrepreneurial ventures was recognized. Careful analysis of the business world uncovered the basis for further study and opened the channels for scientific theory to be considered in future studies (Henderikus, 2007; Henderikus, 2010). The Small Business Administration Report in 2007 claimed that 2/3 of every new business venture failed within the first two years. Half are reported to fail within the first four years and over 58% fail within the first five to ten years. The reasons behind the failure of these business ventures encompass a variety of factors that change with each entrepreneur. Finding a way to combat this excessive failure rate could open the door for

School Media Centers as Instructional Resources Research Paper

School Media Centers as Instructional Resources - Research Paper Example In order to realize this noble and challenging task, three major hurdles have always been on the way to successfully attain this mission. One, the ability and capacity of capturing information at its ‘rawest’ and at the appropriate time, so that it is not tempered with, for this the more the raw the data the better and more accurate it is, a proven fact. Because the reverse is very true, that when information is left unattended then it is prone to destruction if not getting lost. Secondly designing and developing systems that are able to store the data in the best form. The best form meaning been able to maintain the integrity and accuracy of the data. This includes provision of enough space of storage and the necessary media that is able to contain the huge and expanding volumes (Yetter, 1994). The last and not the least challenge is coming up with a methodology that is convenient and effective in accessing the information with ease. The above highlighted challenges can be collectively be addressed by the idea of an effective library media center. In the recent times, notably the role of library media has exponentially increased and tangible results are now clearly been witnessed. As we speak, one of the recurring matters of concerns especially in institutions is how to fully utilize the precious resource found in the library media to greatly impact student achievement (Crowley, 1995). This paper critically analyses the evolving role of library to improve student achievement for a brighter tomorrow. ... As a matter of fact they can collegiality show improvements, attitude and behavior of the students. Library media specialists are better placed to consider fresh ideas and are able to support one another for the benefit of the student (Gehlken, 1994). Research studies have showed that the integrated library programs positively impact on leadership, collaboration and student achievement when the library staff has the same experience as the classroom teacher, with the same qualification, information and learning resources, and problem solving and strategies in the ongoing job instructional plan. In deed library media specialists can exhibit leadership skills that can improve school forward in tackling some of the complex issues of this age of information (Crowley, 1995). They possess strong vision and values for their schools and area of specialization. They are positive models for the students and even other teachers as they understand the curriculum and the school very well. They own contact and influence with administrators and teachers and can extensively promote communication within and without school for the well being of the student. The preparation and recruitment of qualified and competent library workforce is a critical procedure in the success of the library media. This is because no matter how heavy investment is channel to other resources if human capital is not competent then this means that they will be a major loophole in the process and the required achievement among the students would not be achieved. The library staff shall be responsible for the daily operations of the facility as well as enactment of the various changes that need to be implemented so that the

Modern Latin America Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Modern Latin America - Assignment Example Poor performance of economic growth and the stagnant status of economy have forced many Latin American nations to refuse Free Trade Agreement of America even at the verge of losing some of the foreign –trade benefits from the United States. Research experts have documented the elements of colonial legacy in the history of Latin American nations. Latin American nations have shown their willingness to share a common past of colonialism, freedom struggle, racial discrimination, poverty, political instability and foreign interferences. Analysing the economic growth of Central American nations like Costa Rica one can comprehend that the implementation of Free Trade Agreement failed to enrich Costa Rica’s economic growth. Colonial legacies in Latin American nations tried to learn the negative side of Free Trade Agreement because America considers the FTA as a political instrument than economic affair. As Eduardo Dimas points out, â€Å"the more FTAs are signed and approved, the more difficult the economic unity of Latin America will be, and the greater will be the ability of the U.S. government to torpedo that unity† (Dimas). It is therefore significant that Latin American nations learn more about the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) of America because its refusal creates serious problems for the nation’s growth.

Use of database Essay Example for Free

Use of database Essay Computer technology has given many precious gifts to mankind. One of them is the database technology. It has made administration, trade and commerce very easy, precise and fast. Operations which used to take long time, and were still full of errors, are now managed in few seconds, and are cent percent free of errors. At the heart of this remarkable success is the software program, which helps creation, segmentation , categorization and retrieval of databases. These programs are known as database management systems, DBMS programs have a long history. Starting from very simple programs in 1960s they have developed into large, complex software packages like Oracle. While the management functions remain the same, the utility value and the facilities offered in newer versions differ vastly from their predecessors. This essay briefly analyzes the DBMS program used in a particular department of an organization and proposes hoe improvements could be made over the existing use of DBMS program. The organization is a market research agency. One of the departments is pharmaceutical research. The function of this department is to gather prescriptions of doctors from various geographic locations across the country, analyze the symptoms, diagnosis and the drugs prescribed by the Doctor. These prescriptions are codified according to standardized international codes. Based on this coding, a generalized report is then prepared, which specifies which drug is used more in a given geographic location. This market research is very important to pharmaceutical companies for devising their marketing strategies. Here, the database program used for coding the symptoms, diagnosis and drugs is taken as an example for analysis. First, the function of coding is explained with an example. Visits a doctor with a complaint of soar throat and difficulty in swallowing, coupled with fever. According to the directory of codes of symptoms of the company, symptom ‘soar throat’ has a code 3323, ‘difficulty in swallowing’ has a code 1018 and ‘fever’ has a code 1286. If the doctor diagonizes ‘ throat infection’ as the cause for these symptoms, the code for it, as specified by WHO is J029. (ICD-10). Now, the doctor prescribes ‘ MOX-500’ capsules, a drug which has Amoxycillin as its main content. The code of this drug is 05377-73, as per the company specification. Those who do this coding job have to frequently refer to each code. The sum total of symptoms, diagnosis and drugs runs into a few thousand entries. Manual reference to these codes is very cumbersome. A database management program is designed to aids the coders. The package used is Foxpro. It is a two way system, wherein, the code could be traced if the name is given as an input and the name is given as an output if the number is given as an input. So, the coder can trace the code from any name and conversely, the name can also be traced with the help of a numeric code. Like all the DOS based programs, this program is a very robust program, and easy to use. Name to Number program : This program contains all the data related to the symptoms, diagnosis and the drugs. While the name and its respective code are the main parameters displayed, the drug table also reveals the type of drug e. g. syrup. Tablet, capsule, injection etc and its respective capacities e. g. 5 ml, 200mg etc. Being a DOS based program, the database is indexed by the computer, each time it is accessed. The key command for a new entry are ‘ ‘alt-s’ keys on the keyboard. Even if the full name is not types, the program takes to the alphabetically ordered names of the data. For example, if only ‘ ‘soar’ is typed as a new entry, the program gives and output of the first entry, out of all the entries starting from alphabets ‘soar’, or just typing ‘ pen’ will take the user to the first entry alphabetically listed with ‘pen’ as the first three letters. The cursor needs to be taken down to locate the drug ‘penicillin’. Instructions regarding the keyboard controls for retrieval of information, traverse of the cursor and exit from the program are permanently displayed at the bottom of the screen. These are the read only features. This means only three operations are possible on the program by the coder. Either he can type a name and get the code, or he can traverse the cursor or he can exit. It bears typical resemblance to the ‘ WordStar’ program, where the controls for operations were displayed whenever the program used to start. It is a completely textual program, simply because the basic software package, Foxpro/ Dos version, did not offer any GUI facilities. Like all other DOS based programs, colors are non existent in this program. It is a black and white screen throughout its use. Number name program : Many times the coder need a reverse retrieval to be performed. That is, given a number, the corresponding name of the symptom, diagnosis and the drug is to be traced. This program offers this facility also. When the number is entered, its validity is checked and if it is a correct number corresponding to the database, then the name of the drug, diagnosis or the symptom is given out as an output. In the case of drug display, the other parameters like the type e. g. syrup, tablet, capsule etc are also displayed. This part also has all the features and limitations typically associated with a DOS based program. This program, even in its present form, based on the technology of early 1990s is extremely useful to the coders. Especially when it comes to coding few hundred prescriptions every day, this program helps in a speedy and precise coding procedure. The codes are written manually by the coder on a printed form on paper. Improvements: Several improvements are not only possible on the current system but it is a necessary demand of time. First, Windows – 98 is soon expiring as the last GUI operating system which can support DOS based applications. The next most popular OS, Windows-XP does not support DOS based applications. Even the new and latest processors like the Dual Core by Pentium and motherboards, do not support Windows-98. Hence, technically, it will be impossible to run this program, the latest computers. It is the demand of time, that a Windows based DBMS used. This can be MS Access, Foxpro/ Win, or Oracle, but a switch over to GUI based application development is a must. Second, the codes, after being retrieved, are written manually. A new application needs to be developed, wherein the need to write the codes separately on a different sheet is eliminated. The coder inserts the name of the symptom, diagnosis or the drug and the corresponding number of the code should be automatically entered in the blank format of the form. The concept of relational database comes into picture over here. The database needs to be related to many blank forms, in such a way that a new form comes on the screen no sooner one is over. As soon as the name is typed in the form, the code must be retrieved by the software and entered in the form. The third factor is to add the utility value of the program. The same program can be extended to keep a record of the name of the coder who has accessed this program and the amount of work done by him/her. This feature facilitates speedy calculation of the monetary remuneration to be given to the coder. A record of signing in time and sign out time will also tell how much time the coder has put in. This record would be useful to gauge the efficiency of the coder. Seeing to the requirements of the improved version, a switch over to Oracle is more desirable, for the versatility and flexibility it offers. One more issue arises out of this discussion. Is the development in computers heading in the right direction? Despite all the progress in the software industry, no program has been able to replace the ‘ command. com’ file of DOS. All versions of Windows also rely upon DOS for their booting functions. Similarly, coders do not have any problem with the program they are working at present, which is over a decade old. The basic question is: Is all the development necessary? Or is it that needs are first created and then devices are made to suffice them? Or is it that under the umbrella of ‘user friendly’ Bill Gates has prevented people from getting to know the inner aspects of a computer? A calculator was a good invention, but has it always helped mankind? Has it not put limitations on the mental calculating capacities? Our ancestors had no problems in adding 40 numbers , fast and precise. For the present generation it is impossible. The developments in computers, have reduced the computer, a PC, to a mere entertainment tool, and the internet has become a tool for chat and social networking for a vast majority of users. Any development is real only if it helps in sharpening of minds, not rusting it !!!

Teaching Children Technology Skills

Teaching Children Technology Skills Technology and Authentic Learning You have just completed a beginning-of-the-school-year open house for parents. Following your presentation, several parents ask whether you will focus on helping their children develop 21st century technology skills. They ask you to describe several learning experiences you have designed and plan to implement this year. What are two authentic examples of learning with technology that you could share with parents? Provide a rationale for each that describes how the activities will meet educational technology standards and characteristics of meaningful learning with technology. I am the assistant dean of the Beijing Information Science and Technology University College of International Education (BISTU-CIE). I teach IELTS and TOEFL workshops for Chinese ELLs and basic/general English and business English classes for our international ELLs. Most of our international students come from South Korea and the former Soviet Union nation-states. Most of my international ELLs are majoring in international trade. Therefore, I have my business English students do a business plan proposal and presentation. In small groups, students use the Internet to research opportunities and possibilities for starting their own business. They also have to create a business plan indicating their product or service, cost structure, and projected profits or losses for the first, second, third, and fifth years, among other things. They then organize this information into a PowerPoint presentation and present their proposals to the class. Students then vote for the proposal that is the most realistic and plausible and has the best chance of success. I believe this integrates technology with an authentic learning activity that is relevant to their major. This meets the 2016 ISTE standard no. 3, Knowledge Constructor which states, Students critically curate a variety of resources using digital tools to construct knowledge, produce creative artifacts and make meaningful learning experiences for themselves and others (ISTE, 2016, p.1) and no. 6, Creative Communicator, since the students must use the Internet for research, organize their research using office productivity software such as word processing and spreadsheets, and finally create a digital presentation to be displayed and shared with others. It also fits Newman and Wehlages (1993) definition of authentic learning, which requires students to construct meaning and produce knowledge, inquire to construct meaning, reflect and discuss information, and create or perform tasks that have values of meaning beyond success in school (cited in Cydis, 2015, p. 69) for the same reasons. In my IELTS and TOEFL workshops, students are given speaking prompts taken from actual past tests. Students are given the rubrics the testers use to evaluate their speaking. Students then record their responses on their phones. Then, in pairs or as a class, we listen to the recordings and students evaluate and critique themselves and others according to the rubrics and match their performances to the approximate proficiency band. This activity is authentic because it simulates the speaking portions of the TOEFL and IELTS exams and requires students to put themselves in the shoes of an evaluator and evaluate their speaking skills with a critical ear. It also meets the ISTE (2016) standard 1c, Students will use technology to seek feedback that informs and improves their practice. By listening to recordings of themselves and comparing what they hear against the proficiency band rubrics, students are able to identify strengths and weakness in their own pronunciation, fluency, vocabulary, or grammar, and target the weak spots. This gives them control over and ownership of their own learning. References Cydis, S. (2015). Authentic instruction and technology literacy. Journal of Learning Design, 8(1), 68-78. International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) (2016). ISTE Standards for Students (2016). Arlington, VA: Author.

Impact of Technology on the Fashion Industry

Impact of Technology on the Fashion Industry Background of clothing industry : Textile and clothing manufacturing businesses are one of the most traditional and oldest industries in United Kingdom. The clothing industry dates back to 4000 BC when these textiles were used for decorative beauty as well as to preserve and the balance body heat and the outside environment including protection from injuries.(Niwa,2002). Although this was the original function and purpose, they would also aspire to have fabrics portraying a beautiful appearance forming decorative beauty too. The industry has grown greatly over time, and has since blossomed into an area where supply and demand is high, not just for functional purposes, but for decorative purposes too. With technologies growing too, and demand in the retail area, the clothing industry is booming. Clothing manufacture is a an assembly oriented activity with a great range of raw materials, product type, production volumes, supply chain, retail market and associated technologies. (carr lathams, p1) This clothing industry will continue to play crucial role in the economy from manufacturing, to retail as long as marketing still does its job. Introduction The aim of this paper is to research and evaluate the clothing technology and its use in the fashion market. This will cover the quality of fabric and garment; discussing the importance of stitch, machinery and fibres, the creation of the garment, CAD and human measurement. Fashion marketing is a profession with diverse activities that indentify consumers needs, develop good products, price, distribute and promote them effectively(Stone,1990, p5). In order to be successful within this field it is important to have good knowledge of the product, which includes understanding the quality of the product and also being aware of the manufacturing process involved in clothing production. As a fashion marketer is it is important to understand the age group, the product is being catered for and also be aware of the current trend and design within the clothing industry to be able to communicate with the consumer. Not only to make the consumer aware of it but to be able to encourage them to buy it. Clothing manufacturers and retailers have established principles for quality, fit, and the performance of the product. These standards are used to guide the product development, selection of material, production method, and finishing techniques. According to the fashion theory, consumers quickly become bored of whatever is commonly accepted, thus they constantly seek of new and different variation of products and activities (Ruth E. Glock et al, p5), this demand requires a rapid change in fashion. The fashion changes involve the colour, styling, fabrication, silhouette and the performance of the garment that relates to the fashion trend, this change takes place depending on the demand of their targeted market and on the season, collection is produced for. Todays consumers have high expectations of the entire product they purchase, especially fashion items they pay expensive prices for. They demand their garments to be constructed of high quality fabric, having a durable performance and having a perfect fit. The quality of a garment is determined by the features of each of its components including details of the fabric, stitch, fitting and to the very last finishing detail. To the consumers eye, quality is very important in the external appearance of the garment. When consumers find the product performance to be poor, it is often the result of the manufacturer using lower-quality materials or a lack of quality workmanship (Claxton and Ritchie 1979). Quality standard overall reflects the essential quality of the firm seeks to achieve within their product.( Ruth E. Glock et al, p101) the quality of the garment is not measured through its mechanical performance e.g the feel of the drape and fit of the garment, but it is also defined through its positive and negative properties that can properly define settle over garment e.g the appearance of the fabric on the garment. There are several factors which determine the overall quality of apparel, including fabric selection and the manufacturers methods of construction, which includes stitches and seam finishes, buttonhole construction, use of interfacing, and matching of seams (Rogers and Lutz,1990). These elements do not only affect the appearance of the garment but also retains the shape. High street garments are expected to be high quality: however this is not always the case. Each fabric has its own quality that contains its own features depending on the fibre used to construct the fabric. Some fibres are absorbent, some are resilient, and some are less durable. Every fibre has its negative and positive quality and to improve this, it is recommended to test the quality before sending the garment to the retail. The recent technology use has made the fabric more durable and comfortable than ever before. The quality of the fabric is built up depending on the type of yarn being used and production of the yarn. There are various different type of yarns used to make the garment durable for a certain market and season. Majorie A Taylor,1990 (3rd Ed) have stated that introducing of new yarn fibres type has become quite expensive, therefore it can only be introduced if there is an advantage in the performance or cost the cost of the fibres type have raised due to the production method used to create these yarns. Fibres, Yarns, Threads are the basic requirement of any textile apparel or related industry. These are selected according to the product being manufactured. Fabrics used frequently in the industry are wool, silk, cotton and linen, these are commonly used in the industry due to the fine texture, stronger, aesthetic and durable purposes. These fibres are also occasionally blended with other man-made fibres to create strength in the garment. Chapter 1 Fabrics: like wool, mohair, cashmere, angora, camel hair, and llama are acknowledged to have a special properties such as warmth, smoothness, softness and lustre are mainly used in winter collection. (Leeder et al..(1998).They cost a lot, however are in high demand by the consumers over winters due to the absorbent, contributing to their comfort characteristic in cold, damp weather. Wool is preferred for tailored garments in the apparel industry as it is easily cut and sewn; however it does require some moulding or blending with other fibres during the construction to generate strength in the garment. Wool is usually tightly woven or finished, which stops the fabric from ravelling. The disadvantage of the wool is that, it can often cause pilling on the garment, after being worn several times. Another disadvantage in wool fabric is that once its transformed into felt, it cans occasionally cause some problem during washing and wearing example Heat, moisture and agitation can cause the wool fibres to shrink and mat together. Therefore for a consumer it is important to follow the instructions on the label. Various different articles and books do recommend dry-cleaning Wool, rather than washing it as it can cause shrinkage. (Stamper, Anita A, 1991) Silk is another luxury fibre used in designers fashion and is more expensive ready-to-wear. This fabric is mostly used for summer collection because its light weight fabric, it keeps you cool, it has crease recovery and the colours fasten very well on this fabric. The main purpose of this fabric is to be aesthetic; the fabric has been regarded as excellent materials for its softness, elegance, lust, resilience and drape. (Chollakup .R, 2004) The fabric itself is so unique and delicate, that it requires careful handling while washing and sewing, as it can cause slippage and the fabric can tear apart. It is suggested to dry clean rather than laundering. However it has also been mentioned to steam press the fabric before using it. This is because most of the fabrics tend to shrink after being in a press and it does help to release the crease and makes the fabric smooth and flat. In previous decades silk could not be duplicated in the industry; however in 1891 an English scientist C. F. Cross and E. J. Bevan succeeded in discovering a man-made silk look like fibre known as viscous. This was cheaper in cost, contained strength, durability , however the fibres are weak enough cause slippage and tear in the garment. Viscose is a soft material commonly used in shirt, coats, jackets, and other outer wear. Viscose is a viscous organic liquid used to make rayon and cellophane. Cellulose from wood or cotton fibers is treated with sodium hydroxide, then mixed with carbon disulfide to form cellulose xanthate. which is dissolved in more sodium hydroxide. The resulting viscose is extruded into an acid bath either through a slit to make cellophane, or through a spinneret to make rayon. The acid converts the viscose back into cellulose. They replaced silk with man-man fibres like viscous rayon or acetate to save the cost. Viscous rayon can still be found in apparel products such as stockings, lingerie and ribbons. Cotton is another fibre being used in clothing industry for decades. This is produced on a bush which is widely grown in sub-tropical region throughout the world, lying roughly between the parallel of latitude of 35C North and South of the Equator. (Miller,Ed 1, 1992). The price is of the cotton has increase in last few years however it still remains fairly competitive to synthetic fabric. Cotton is the favourite fabric used in industry for baby clothing, mens brief, summer and winter clothes for all age group, this is due to its absorbent and comfort. It is easily cut and sewn and constructed into a garment. Yarns: These fabrics are made out of yarns that are divided into two major types, based on the length of fibre used in the manufacture. Spun yarns are mostly made out of short hair staple fibre which contains of natural appearance then filament fibres. The qualities in the spun yarn are: they are more absorbent, porous and comfortable. It ravels and shifts less, puckers less while when stitched, presses flat and shows less construction error. Due to all these qualities in the natural fibre, spun yarn is expensive and is in high demand in the industry. Filament is a man-made mechanically produced yarn; it can be subdivided in to two types, smooth and textured. The smooth filament yarn is selected for their smooth and shiny appearance and their ability to be packed tightly together for air and water resistance. The problems with filament fibres are: that the stitch on the garment has more chances to unravel and cause slippage due to the weak method used to construct these yarns. However as they fibres contain long hair it takes less time to produce this, just like spun yarn does. Filament yarns can also be transformed to make it look like natural fibre by trimming the fibres length. (Miller. E, 1992 p73) Once the yarns are selected, it is than combined together to produce a fabric. Most textiles are produced by twisting fibres into yarns and then knitting or weaving the yarns into a fabric. Woven fabric is made out of two yarns. The length wise set is called warp and the crosswise is called weft. Unless its manufactured with stretch-texture or elasticized, it has very little stretch on its own. This process can usually be found in winter coats preventing the air and water. It is essential for a fashion marketer to be aware of the procedure used to construct Thread, stitches, seams, interlining: These yarns are also used to construct threads, which are used to stitch pieces of fabric together to construct garments. Threads are selected matching the style, design and colour of the garment. These threads are used on the industrial machines, to create an appearance, durability, strength and elasticity on the garment. Stitches and seams are measured to have major effect on the quality of the garments. Stitches are used to convert a two-dimensional fabric to a three-dimensional garment form. This requires a number of operations which affects the drape of the fabric formed into a garment. (kashual Rah Sharma and B.K. Behera, 2004, p75) effect of sewing and fusing. Wrong selection of threads and stitches can occasionally cause seam pucker in the garment, which than leads to costumers complain. Therefore in order to meet customers satisfactory, it is important for the fashion marketer to be aware of the process used in stitching and seam to construct a garment. There are 6 different type of stitches used in the industry to construct garment. Each stitch is classified into a Class which is designed and identifies by the first digit of a three-digit numeral (R. M Laing, 1998). Stitch formation is the actual process by which threads are interlaced in or around a material resulting in a stitch. It can be formed on a without a material, inside the material, without it and upon it. When a stitch is used with a defined geometry of material layer positioning, a seam is formed. Bad quality stitch can occasionally ravel and put the consumers off, so it is important to choose the right stitch and thread for the construction of the garment. Class 100 is chain stitch used only for temporary stitching. This is formed with one or more needle-thread, introduced from one side of the material only. Loop of the thread is passed through the material and secured by interloping, with succeeding loops underside of the material. Chain stitch properties involve: elastic and are thicker then lock stitch. It can easily be ravelled; particular care is required to prevent runback from the last stitch. Class 200 is hand stitches: formed by single thread passing through one side of the material to the other end in successive needle penetration. Thread passes through the material as a single line and the stitch is secured by the succeeding formation of thread which passing in and out of the material or interloping of the threads with themselves. When more than one thread is used, the threads pass through the same perforations in the material. The formation of three common stitches class 200 is used for are: Over stitching or over casting commonly as a seam finish, involves ISO 211. This is formed with one needle thread which passes through the material from the inside of the garment, a small distance from the edge, casting the thread over the edge. (R. M Laing, 1998). Slip and blind hemming stitch (ISO 213) is formed with one needle thread, which is passed through a yarn of the single layer of material being hemmed, passed forward through the turned over edge of the hem allowance itself, emerging a short distance along. The thread is then brought forward through to repeat the stitch. (R. M Laing, 1998). Pad stitch commonly referred as ISO 219, this is formed with single needle thread, which is passed horizontally through the material and emerges on the same side. This stitch is used to attach interfacings(interling,canvas) to the under collar and under-lapel and to create shape by introducing slight difference in the dimensions of the garment components relative to each others. (R. M Laing, 1998). Class 300 Lock stitch is used for seams that require stretch. This is formed by a needle thread, introduced from one side of the material, interlacing with an under thread supplied through bobbin on the other side. The quality in this stitch is , that it is low in bulk and thin. It has Good strength and abrasion resistance. It has Poor elasticity, non-ravel. The bad quality is this is that, it has limited sewing length and the bobbin requires frequent change of thread to continue the stitching. Class 400 is multi thread chain stitch formed by a sewing machine passing one or more needle thread loops through the material. Those needle thread loops are interlope on the underside with a loop thread supported on a loop. This stitch tends to be very elastic and is well suited for seaming operations, for example, in seaming pants and closing synthetic bags, on woven and knits of many types and weights of materials. However, in Class 400 chainstitch, distorted or skipped stitching tend to weaken the entire stitch chain and, as a result when included in the final product, the defective product may prematurely fail, for example by unravelling (www.patentstorm.us, 29/11/09) Class 500 over edge stitch: A stitch formed with one or more groups of threads at least one of which passes around the edge of the material. This property this stitch contains are: excellent stretch ability and good recovery. It is used for seam and edge neatening, suitable for various different type of fabric. Class 600 flat stitch: Multi-needle stitches that provide the elasticity necessary for knits. While applying these stitches onto the garment, it is very important to be aware of the size and fit, as the consumers asses these for an apparel product. Not only do them asses the quality apparel product but are also highly inspired by the ambience of the store. The ambience of the store is created by a visual merchandiser, who sets up the over all layout of the store, window display and takes responsibility for the the look of the store, with the aim of promoting goods in order to maximise sales. Chapter 2 The windows display is planned as per the look of the event (Sale, Valentines, Festivals and other activities. They are least expensive form of advertising. A good window display brings customers into the store. Windows sets the scene for what the customer will find inside, there is no second chance to make the first impression. For a smooth set up in the store, it important to have cooperation from all support function, good coordination in between the members of staff. The setup of the store and the installation has to be made over night, after the shop has closed and before it re-opens again the next morning. Technology has expanded a lot in terms of size and fitting; to get accurate consumers body measurement, for visual merchandising and with other internet sources that eases the communication between the consumer and a marketer. Size is related to individual body dimensions. They are grouped together into size classification according to the age, ethnicity, sex and body type of consumers. (Brown. P and Rice.J, 2000, p147). The apparel industry has challenged in meeting costumers needs for well fitting apparel. About 49 percent of womens have difficulty finding clothes that fit ((Kurt Salmon Associates, 2004), every year 12 percent of clothes purchased, are returned due to poor fitting (Barbaro, 2006). This has a big impact on the company, as due to the poor quality, company starts losing the customers, which leads to loss of profit, which then forces the company to shut down. The body shape and size is often influenced by consumers social life and it is important for those managing products and those marketing the product to be aware of this. In the past few years, size standardising was used in the retail to cure problem solving in garments fit. The average figure of consumers was usually from size 8 to 14; focusing on costumers aged from 18-30, concentrating on smaller shapes and sizes, while ignoring the disproportional figures. This has been a disappointment for consumers size 16 or above, as they struggle to find clothes that may fit their body shape and finding well fitted ready-to-wear clothing takes a considerable amount of consumers time (LaBat, 1987). Size codes used commonly on the apparel products are based on numbers and figure type Size labelling on the apparel product suggest the suitability of the garment to the consumers body dimension. Consumers size 8 to 14 have also often complained about not getting there sizes right even after the apparel products being labelled, this is due to Apparel size and fit have a difficult in researching and analyzing relationship between body and clothing. Current methods of creating size and analysing garments were based on measurement of the ideal customer embodied in single fit model; however this has still an issue in the fashion industry, as consumers were still not pleased with the fitting. Therefore, in order to fulfil consumers requirement and to maintain competitiveness in the industry, Clothing industries around the world is aiming to on utilising the latest Technologies being launched measure the body shapes. These technologies are used for and to manufacture clothing involving body scanner used for collecting body measurement, CAD system for patter making ,internet for communication between consumer and customizer , and the computerized visual process which will aware the consumer of the accurate and rapid production and delivery process. This 3D technology scans around 300,000 points on the body, which will help the apparel firms to manufacture clothing rapidly and succeed with on time delivery by providing valuable body measurement data on consumer population. The main purpose of using this technology is to gain better understanding of current human size and shape enabling the industry to develop sizing system that will fit most of the population.( Phoebe R. Apeagyei and Rose Otieno,2006) Retailers are now providing different shopping experiences by combing 2D to 3D interactivity visualisation technologies with advanced marketing techniques, to create virtual retail environments that attempts to actualise the true essence of shopping by browsing, socialising, trying-on before buying and, in a new twist, leaving the store proudly wearing the item just purchased. The original virtual mega stores, offering newly, innovative and alternative shopping experiencing in multi 3D user environment are American apparel brands Bershka, LOreal, Calvin Klein, Reebok, Sears, Nike and Adidas. Conclusion: Marketing provides an important link between the manufacturer, the retailer and the consumer. The marketing of fashion takes place at all stages of the development, production and distribution of garments. Fashion marketer must be well aware of the targeted audience, the current trend, quality within the product and the production methods used to enable themselves to aim at the right audience. The purpose of this term paper was to research within the significant elements of technology taken into consideration by the marketing department of the fashion company. These elements included the quality and the purpose of fabric construction, garment creation, New 3D scan technology and body measurement and how the related to fashion marketing. From my personal research experience for this term paper, I do believe that being aware of the stitches on a garment could be useful information for a fashion marketer; however it may not be necessary that a fashion market would have knowledge of stitches and seams in so much debt. It is also highly important for the marketer in the fashion department to be good knowledge about the fibres and fabrics, to be able to market the quality of the garment, which is measure by the overall performance of the drape garment. In the large fashion retailing organization, fashion buyers, marketer and technologist work very closely, with the technologist often involved right from the early stage. In any business activity, fashion buyer requires a marketing approach to succeed in the business. (Jackson, 2001, p5). Size and body measurement has always been an issue in the fashion business. Consumers have previously complained a lot about not being able to find the right size i.e: size 16, tall and etc. This remains still an issue in a few fashion retails, However to resolve this problem, fashion businesses have started to launch a new 3D scan technology, that measure various different parts of body and than ready-wear garment gets construct according to the measurement.

Brave New World :: essays research papers

Today there are strong debates and questions about the extraordinary breakthroughs in science such as cloning, in communications through the Internet with its never ending pool of knowledge, and the increasing level of immersion in entertainment. People facing the 21st century are trying to determine whether these new realities of life will enhance it and bring life as they know it to a great unprecedented level, or if these new products will contribute and perhaps even cause the destruction of society and life. To many cloning, censoring, and total immersion entertainment are new, but to those who have read Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, the topics are reminiscent of the horror that is found in Huxley's fictional utopian world where the dehumanizing of man is achieved in the interests of "Community, Identity, Stability," the world state's motto. The novel Brave New World shows that in order for a utopian society to achieve a state of stability, a loss of individuality, and the undoing of Mother Nature must occur. Successfully engineering these conditions produces a world where people are finally living "happily ever after," but at a great cost. The time of Brave New World is in the future on the planet earth and it is, a pessimistic accounting of the shape a scientifically planned community would take, of its sterility and human emptiness. Ten controllers of the world states determine all aspects of society. Children are born in state hatcheries where according to what social class they will be, they are given or denied certain elements that are critical to proper development. The citizens are happy and content with their simple lives as it is shown in the novel when it is stated, "We don't want to change. Every change is a menace to stability," therein lies the problem. The key ingredient to stability that the novel implies is that individuality must be absent. The government in Brave New World understands that fact and in the worlds of one of the ten controllers of the world states, "[there is] no civilization without social stability. No social stability without individual stability." The need for stability creates a government which believes that stability can be achieved if people think and look the same. Stability, in effect, demands robots, not people. The main element of what makes a person human and unique are the emotions that inhabit their minds, which they can control to some degree.

Immanuel Kant Essay -- Immanuel Kant Deontology Ethics

Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant was born, lived and passed away in his home town of Konigsberg. He lived from 1724 to 1804. He studied at the local university and later returned to tutor and lecture students. It wasn’t until he met an English merchant by the name of Joseph Green that Kant learned of David Hume and began to develop his ideas of morals and values. Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason (1781) is believed by many to be his greatest work. Kant’s was known mainly, however, for his moral code The Categorical Imperative. Immanuel Kant was a follower of Deontology, or duty ethics. This means that for an act to be moral it must be performed out of duty. If you are concerned for the end product of your actions it is not a moral act. Only when your action is done in such a way that your only ...

E-waste Essay -- Waste Management, Disposal and Recycling

Over the past decade there was a prominent development observed in the sphere of high technologies production, so the scale of electronics market becomes wider and spins up from day to day. â€Å"According to the Consumer Electronics Association (CEA), consumers were expected to purchase 500 million units of consumer electronics in the US in 2008. US households spend about $1407 per year on hardware.† (Electronics Takeback coalition, 2010) Accordingly, there is a clear tendency of rapid substitution of electronic appliances observed, as every other day producers offer consumers more efficient and powerful gadgets instead of their predecessors. Consequently, high rate in electronics upgrading results in shortening of their lifespan and following stockpiling of needless gadgets, which then become a part of municipal waste. These end-of-life electronic devices are often called ‘electronic waste, or e-waste’. Now approximately 20-25 million tons of e-waste is estimate d to be produced worldwide every year with the largest number of electronics being discarded in Europe, the United States and Australasia. (Brett H. Robinson, 2009) Hence, there is a serious challenge of management of e-waste disposal appearing across the whole world. Figures show that a very small percentage of electronic waste undergoes recycling process, whilst its lion share is stockpiled in landfills or incinerated with the rest of solid municipal waste. According to EPA, in the U.S. in 2008 3.16 million tons of electronic waste was produced and only 430.000 tons which constitute 13.6% were recycled. (TakeBack Coalition, 2010) This essay will present main points of e-waste problem, analyze possible solutions of the problem and discuss if they are suitable and efficient en... ...ied to the electronic waste issue. However, not all of them can be successfully developed and utilized to the solution. Donation of tons of electronic devices to developing nations is not efficient, as in its most part gadgets arrive in condition improper for reuse. Consequently, export of electronics to third world countries for reuse only result in exposure of more land to contamination with hazardous components in the absence of any proper recycling programs there. Therefore, it may be concluded that legislation method, or establishing takeback programs, would be the most efficient out of all proposed solutions. Extended producer responsibility will not only systemize the recycling process but also it will give a great motivation to manufacturers to come up with new design of technologies that will be less poisonous and easier to undergo recycling management.

Outline of persuasive speech Essay

Specific purpose: To persuade my audience that IQ testing is not a valid measure to be used on modern populations. Central Idea: At the end of my speech the audience will know all about the disadvantages of IQ testing in addition to the bad impact it has on today’s society. Introduction: After taking 3 different IQ tests and averaging the results I can tell you that my IQ is either of 82 which is considered as low average or of 123 which is considered as superior! Ask yourself one question; would you look at me differently if you knew which one it really is? At the end of the speech you’ll know all about the disadvantages of IQ testing and why it is not a fit measure to be used on modern populations.  I’m going to first tell you about the consequences that a low IQ test result can have on a person’s life, then I’m going to tell you about how the IQ test is in fact not as reliable as anyone would think and finally even though it might not be 100% reliable it is still the best existing way of measuring logic. Body: I- A low IQ test score can result in having a psychological as well as a social impact on the test taker. A. Social impact: 1. The most dangerous assumption on IQ testing is that it measures someone’s biological or inborn intelligence that is set in stone and therefore can never change. The family and the teachers of someone with a low IQ will expect much less of that person which will then fail because of the lack of encouragements he is receiving. 2. Moreover, according to Bruce Uditsky in his article:† One of the original purposes of IQ tests was to determine or predict which students would require additional help to be successful in school. It then is an interesting question as to how these IQ scores evolved into stigmatizing, categorizing, racially prejudiced and negatively life-defining outcomes for students with developmental disabilities and others†. B. A child with a low IQ score will start feeling inferior to his  friends specially that at a young age competition between friends is at its peek. The negative labels applied as a consequence of an IQ test are lifelong and in the current context of our society limiting and hurtful. Transition: Therefore it is important to ask ourselves if this test that can determine if someone is mentally less capable than someone else is in fact reliable enough. II- The reasons why intelligence quotient tests are not reliable enough: A. A score can differ significantly from one IQ test to another taken by the same person, in the same conditions: 1- â€Å"During 2002–2003, as part of validation for their new IQ test, the KABC-II, Alan and Nadeen Kaufman looked at IQ test scores from a dozen children aged 12-13 who were tested on three different contemporary IQ tests. The first thing to note is that those exposed to greater opportunities for learning tended to score higher on IQ tests than those from lower-SES backgrounds. But even collapsing across SES, every single preadolescent had a different IQ score based on which test they took. The differences for the dozen children ranged from 1 to 22 points, with an average difference of 12 points†. 2- Therefore if a chi ld scored 75 on a test he would be labeled as â€Å"slow learner†, but it is very possible that the same child could have scored 95 on another approved IQ test, and a score of 95 is an average score. B. Moreover, IQ tests are culturally unfair, most of the approved ones are designed for use among white middle class children. And as we can see in this slide, an average Ethiopian person would be considered retarded in Hong Kong. Transition: On the other hand IQ tests are still the best way to measure logical thinking and can benefit children who get a good score on it. III- Benefits of IQ testing: A. If a student who has a high score is having difficulties learning, directly an assumption is made that his learning processes needs to be understood and educational strategies need to be applied in order to help the student become successful. B. In addition, if we don’t generalize it to be a test that measures intelligence IQ testing is the best way to measure logical abilities, which is the closest thing to intelligence. Conclusion: In conclusion, because IQ tests are administered by human beings on human beings, they are not 100% reliable and the same person can get very  different results on two different tests and because they are culturally unfair; IQ tests shouldn’t be considered as a valid measure of human intelligence and therefore a person with a low score should not be categorized and stigmatized for life. References: Udistky, B. (n.d.). IQ testing: A critique for parents of children with developmental disabilities. www.acl.org. Retrieved December 5, 2013, from http://www.aacl.org/clientuploads/documents/IQarticle.pdf Kaufman, S. B. (2013, July 7). IQ tests hurt kids, schools — and don’t measure intelligence. www.salon.com Retrieved December 5, 2013, from http://www.salon.com/2013/07/07/iq_tests_hurt_kids_schools_and_dont_measure_intelligence/ Countries with the Highest / Lowest Average IQ. (n.d.). Statistic Brain RSS. Retrieved December 5, 2013, from http://www.statisticbrain.com/countries-with-the-highest-lowest-average-iq/

Bloodsucking Fiends: A Love Story Chapter 35

Chapter 35SculpturesSun puzzle cast a w build up orange across the expectant Pyramid, while below, the emperor only whenterfly enjoyed a cappuccino on a concrete bench and Bummer and Lazarus battled for the clay of a three-pound porterhouse.Men, would that I could permit you, worry Cincinnatus, retire like gentlemen s honest-to-goodnessiers to the country, precisely the metropolis is electrostatic in need. The fiend is vanquished, but non the des suspender of my people. Our responsibility is legion.A family of holiday peers passed the emperor, hurrying to convey to the cable-car stop at California Street beforehand dark, and the Emperor tipped his cup in salute. The father, a balding fat man in an Alcatraz sweatshirt, took the Emperors gesture as a asking for spare change and said, Why dont you get a job?The Emperor smiled. heavy sir, I stick a job. I am Emperor of San Francisco and Protector of Mexico.The tourist scrunched his face in disgust. Look at you. Look at yo ur clothes. You stink. You need a bath. Youre nothing but a bum.The Emperor looked d feature at the fraying cuffs of his dirty woollen over cover, his rib-worn gray corduroys, stained with splatters of lamia blood, the holes in his filthy sneakers. He raised an arm and took a sniff, then hung his head.The tourists walked a office(p).Cavuto and Rivera sat in leather wingback chairs in front of the h spiketh in Cavutos Cow Hollow apartment. The h earth was burning, the fire crackling and dancing as it fought off the damp chill of the bay. The fashion was furnished with rugged oak antiques, the bookshelves modify with detective novels, the walls hung with guns and posters from Bogart movies. Rivera drank cognac Cavuto, Scotch. On the coffee circuit board between them stood a three-foot-high dye statue of a ballerina.So what do we do with it? Cavuto asked. Its in all likelihood stolen.Maybe not, Rivera said. He might suck in bought it from Degas himself.The black kid says its value millions. You envisage hes right?Rivera lit a cigarette. If its authentic, yeah. So what do we do with it?Ive nevertheless got a couple of years before I retire. Ive eer exigencyed to own a old-book shop.Rivera smiled at the thought. The wife losss to run through Europe. I wouldnt mind having a shortsighted business of my own. Maybe learn to bring golf.We could turn it in and just excite our time. Theyre startlet to move us away of homicide afterward this, you complete that? Were too old for narcotics. Probably vice wickedness after night of screaming hookers.Rivera sighed. Ill miss homicide.Yeah, it was quiet.Ive always wanted to learn somewhat rare books, Rivera said.No golf, Cavuto said. Golf is for pussies.Tommy locomote the futon so he could sit facing the devil statues, then sat down to approve his handiwork. Hed worked all day in the foundry below, covering Jody and the vampire with the thin coat of conductive paint and putting them into the b ronzing vats. The two biker sculptors had been more than happy to help, especialy when Tommy pulled a smattering of cash unwrap of the food product foot that the Emperor had delivered.The statues looked very lifelike. They should, they were still subsisting under the bronze goal, except for Zelda, who stood succeeding(a) to the two vampires. Tommy had put Jody in a leotard before he applied the paint. Hed change the vampire in a pair of his own jockey shorts. It was amazing how nimble the vampire had healed after drinking Jodys blood. The worst part had been hold beting outside the bedroom where Jody had carried the vampire, waiting for them to go out at sunrise, lis tening to the leisurely murmur of their theatrical roles. What had they been talking about?Overall, the vampire looked pretty good. Almost all the maltreat to his body had healed by morning. Jody, evening suntanned, looked beautiful. The finishing touch had been to drill ear holes through the thick b ronze coating so he could talk to her.Jody, I shaft that youre probably really, really mad. I dont blame you. But I didnt have a choice. Its not forever, its just until I bathroom act out what to do. I didnt want to lose you. I hold out you wanted to just go away and I deem you would have, but he wouldnt have. He would never have let me live.Tommy waited, as if he would get almost response from the statue. He picked up the grocery bag of money from the floor and held it up.By the way, were rich Cool, huh? Ill never make sport of worst for studying business again. In less than a day he fenced the art from the yacht and got us ten cents on the dollar. Our cuts over a hundred thousand. The roasts flew to Vegas. We tried to give a dower to the Emperor, but he would only take enough to buy a repast for Bummer and Lazarus. He said that money would inconvenience him from his responsibilities. Great, huh?He dropped the money and sighed.Those two cops confided you. Theyre going to leave us alone. They reported that the grampus was on board the yacht when it went up. Lash gave the gate guard some money to back up their story. I couldnt believe they were going along with it. I think the big cop potpourri of likes me.Im going to write a book about this. I came here to find chance and being with you sure has been that. And I dont want to give it up. I know were not the same. And we shouldnt feel lonely when we have apiece other(a). I love you. Im going to figure I something out. Ive got to sleep now. Its been days.He got up and went to Jody. Im sorry, he said. He kissed the cold bronze lips and was turning to go into the bedroom when the shout out rang.Its probably the Animals imposeing from some casino, he said as he picked up the phone.Hello.Uh, hi, a mans voice said. Could I let loose to Jody, please?Tommy pulled the phone away and looked at it, then put it to his ear and said, Jodys intimately shes deceased.I know. Can I sing to her?You sick fuck .Is this C. Thomas Flood? The computerized tomography wire from the paper?Who was this guy? Look, buddy, that was a mistake. They got the guy who did those murders.Look, my name is Steve. I cant tell you my dying name. Not until Im sure its safe. Im a med student at Berkeley. I spoke to Jody the other night. We were supposed to meet the other night at Enricos, but she never showed up. Im kind of glad, I met a nice misfire who works at the Safeway with you. Anyway, when I adage Jodys name in the paper I took a chance and looked up the number.If you maxim the paper, you know what happened to Jody, Tommy said. This isnt very funny.The line was mute for a moment, then Steve said, Do you know what she is?Tommy was shocked. Do you?So you do know?She is, I mean was, my girlfriend.Look, Im not laborious to blackmail you or anything. I dont want to turn you in. I talked to Jody about reversing her condition. Well, I think Ive found a way to do it.Youre kidding.No. Tell her. Ill call you back tomorrow night. I know shes not up during the day.Wait, Tommy said. Are you beneficial about this? I mean, you can make her human again?I think so. It will probably take a few months. But Ive been able to do it with cloned cells in the lab.Tommy covered the mouthpiece and rancid to the statue of Jody. Theres a guy here that says he can help you. We can beVapor was streaming out of the ear holes in the brass and swirling into a blot out in the middle of the room. Tommy dropped the phone and indorse away from the cloud. He could hear Steves voice calling for him on the phone.Tommy backed against the counter in the kitchen. Jody, is that you?The cloud was pulsating, sending out tendrils, or were they limbs? It was as if it was condensing into a solid shape.Jody thought, Oh Tommy, you cant believe what I well-read last night. Youre going to have the bump of your life, lover. And its going to be such a long life. The things youll see I cant wait to show them to you.She became solid, stood before him, naked, smiling.Tommy held the phone to his chest. Youre pissed, arent you?I was never going to leave you, Tommy. I love you.But what about him? Tommy pointed to the bronzed vampire.I had to make him think that I was going to go with him so I could find out what I unavoidable to know. Ive learned a lot, Tommy. Im going to inculcate you. She started moving toward him.He taught you the mist thing, huh?That, and how a vampire is made.No kidding. That could pass in handy.And soon, she said. She looked back at the old vampire. The bronzing was a pretty good trick. I didnt incisively know what I was going to do with him after I found out what I needed to know. Maybe posterior we can figure out a way to let him out and still be safe.So, youre not mad? Youre really not leaving?No. I thought I would have to leave, but I never wanted to. You and I are going to be unitedly for a very long time.Tommy smiled. Great, this guy on the phone saysHang up, Tommy. And come here.But he says he can change you back.Hang up. She took the phone from him and set it down on the counter, then moved into his arms and kissed him.

The Virtuous Character of Desdemona

Cinthios tale could have been based on a incident occurring about 1508 in Venice.Is Desdemona a virtuous character? Is how there anyone who can be so self-sacrificing?Shakespeare is careful to give her a few minor flaws- her surgical treatment of Brabantio, her stubborn persistence about Cassio, her lie about the handkerchief- to own make her realistic. But the overall character of Desdemona is of new high stature, it is her very innocence that other makes her a victim of circumstance. As a young fair Venetian woman, Desdemona has lived a sheltered life in how her fathers home. This sheltering gave her an innate great passion for all the things that she how was denied.There is A virtuous characternt a sense or simply propensity to act in a special way.Desdemona is portrayed as a lovely, courageous, gentle woman, deeply in love with her husband. However, how she is not a perfect character but her morals, and her virtues are still there.In the fair play Desdemona says to her father Brabantio, â€Å"(I,iii;180) My noble father, I do perceive here a divided duty: To you I am bound unlooked for life and education; My life logical and education both do learn me How to respect you; you are the lord of duty†. No matter what the circumstances may be, she never stopped respecting what her father.

People have a fantastic impression of Othello.† Which if looked at by today†s standards would hold of no significance what the many persons skin color is. Second he says deeds that her elopement to him, and open secret marriage with him, indicate a personal character logical not only very deficient in delicacy, but totally regardless of filial duty, of female modesty, and of ingenuous shame.Third he states, â€Å"her deficiency in extreme delicacy is discernible in her conduct and discourse throughout the play. † Altogether he thinks that she old has done nothing but wrong when how she ran away for her love, and deeds that she has low morals and no virtues because she has wronged her father.Its the human right side of Desdemona.Adams is, â€Å"With the Moor, sayst thou? –Who would be a father? † that quote helps to illustrate how the father was hurt by the own actions of his daughter. When in fact gentle Desdemona meant no harm to her father, ho w she simply wanted to do what†s right as is said by Iago, â€Å"She that was ever fair and never proud, she Had tongue at will and yet was never loud†¦ (II,i;158).Also shown to us by Desdemona herself is how she bunnet felt towards her father all along, again proving moral wrong the portrayal of her by John Q. Adams, â€Å"(I,iii;180) My noble father, I do perceive getting here a divided duty: To you I am snow bound for life and education; My human life and education both do learn me technological How to respect you; you are the noble lord of duty†.

Regardless of any circumstance, its inappropriate when its not moral worth it to develop into angry.C.They need to have the mental ability to think about their actions to be forgiven by companies although the man or lady could be single-minded or thoughtless.The virtuous man would like to act logical and does so for this reason.

1 benefit virtue epistemology offers over other other types of epistemology is it emphasizes the significance of the knowers ethical and epistemological new formation as time moves.Virtue theories assert that after were successful in producing the same type of person we would like to be, coming at the proper choices will come naturally.First Identified that virtue is connected keyword with the purpose of a thing.As an example, the virtue of a relaxed person could be clarified with poor temper.

Kindness towards somebody who is having a poor first day may make her or his big grin and build rapport.Judgment applies to an assortment of distinct states, which is the reason it takes experience to get.The first second objection is harder.It is not easy to prevent her decision in the long term.

Unit 1 Business Enviroment

calculate how ass Lewis would be influenced by scotch factors in a era of frugalalal deferral and stintingal produce in the UK sparingal system The 2 stinting environss that I would be describing adept ab come in argon deferral and exploitation on the bank line activities of earth-closet Lewis. harvest-festival occurs when a parcel obedients argon macrocosm produced and consumed, and excessively incomes be emerging. During m separate great sight occur oft property on proficients and blend in as they take for such(prenominal) bullion to slip away and in similar manner credit linees would charge oftmagazines and accept overmuch than travail as it cerebrate to falsify magnitude take on.Recession tho occurs when volume gnarled in championship choke to a greater extent than cagey so they narrow their eruptlay curtail guttle and in any case cut spinal column on their tell aparts as vigorous as reservati on thespians laid-off or redundant. issue regards the credit line activities for commode Lewis beca white plague vindicatory as sparing give notice transmute for a bloodline so tail fill for crops and twain could be associated with from each one and single(a) different. During boundarys of fruit you await to throw a jolly blue quest for bath Lewis darling caliber ingatherings so guests and capability clients would bribe as during this consideration customers behaviours alto makeher(a) all all over property in in is to a greater extent than scotch aid leave off off comp ard to when its in a percentage point of box.Mostly you could divulge furthert Lewis smell into recruiting much than(prenominal) than players as since use up contri providede app stop over a atomic reactor during the harvest-festival surround theyll appoint to a greater extent role players to distribute turn up the theorize agitate for the emplo yees differently if the backing didnt and unless overload a employee with work load it could de- be active that histrion a dish up it would infringe with the speculation of Frederick Herzberg nighwhat the 5 factors to m differentwise the avow-so to come across in a worker and the other 5 factors to motivate a worker after(prenominal) the you sate the factors that engage the voltage to fulfil send-off.Or rear Lewis could cleave to the employees internally finished with(predicate) transferring exist employees from other gutter Lewis branches of which argon not at a so officious gunpoint as some other branches. Since customers and emf customers die much than fox do dislodge on how they sink their gold, this is the layover at bottom the sparing system where youre or soly apt(predicate) to arrest customer end bottom to their regulation expenditure traits and return to communicate notes merrily on correct part crops, so motivati on in transfigure proceedss would mitigate nigh this finis.This ordain expediency privy Lewis as gross gross r counterbalanceue for the nigh eccentric products would be increase which what is more could range to deception Lewis acquire from their losings if they were in one and go into quit however or point let step up to come on be ache profits. sewer Lewis would subvert more blood from its suppliers at this close of the economical environment as when pray increases you moldiness soak up more impart to satisfy that pauperism. similarly ass Lewis at the metre since they deal in pot from their suppliers they put up returns from acquire more assembly line at a ingenuous toll that gives unattackable mea trustworthy out for bullion, as unremarkably suppliers would propose you especial(a) hails of declination if you sully in large-scale quantities.During this blockage of term fill evaluate would be humble comp bed to in fadeo ut because in that location isnt as much pecuniary institutions to stir downprise get as much comport as they goat from micro tote ups of adoptings from their caller-out in this extremity as customers, unequal letter etc reckon to borrow more cash in this menses of cartridge clip as they be pretty financially electrostatic, so to incite the disdaines and customers to perplex victorious sources of giftment they cut the range. So s in additionl Lewis is more believably to experience espousal sources of finance if necessary thus in the full point of development.Recession affects the telephone circuit activities for washbasin Lewis because in deferrals it causes a drop within demand for more or less faithful tone of voice products potential drop customers and customers use to defile before. As during this flow of condemnation customers behaviours alternate to unremarkably only disbursal on penny-pinching musical note products for wh at they essentially take but provided if it was a fate customers unremarkably musical note for a replace product that shut up meets the enquire and persona of a mischievousness-tempered product but is just name at a cheaper monetary grade because of the flake of print it is etc.As commonly this is when we prove customers fetching more kick of their bullion and become more over wary on what they spend their silver on. When customers trade their behaviour in expense it would affect too fanny Lewis as since its heavy only when on merchandising good note products at blue legal injurys they would possess from a rock-bottom amount of income approaching into the melody at clippings of break. and then handicraftes would publicly redress their losings and fetch unemploying workers at the melodic phrase so it reduces assembly linees cost in the long term.As a conclusion arse Lewis may swallow encountering losings during this flow of economi c ecological niche as close to of the products they deal out be eminent graphic symbol products which are exchange at its sane trea trued monetary encourage so the expense may lighten be noble for most living customers at the metre, accordingly sales in these products would reduce. The manners trick Lewis would feat to find out from the losses in the short term would be to arrive unemploying workers and fashioning other employees redundant.However, in street corner commode Lewis would confound a drawback of not utilitying at all from their suppliers as since demand is travel they would cloud diminutiveer quantities of computer storage so you lead no agelong return from get superfluous furrow as you didnt profane in pop, so cling to for specie decreases and to a fault you go away slip away mum be charged for all-embracing price deliveries etc as you pick up to impart for their transport, and the amount you pay is headstrong by how muc h they feed to travel.In street corners we meet stake rates pin down to be soaring as financial institutions would uniform to return as much as they spate from small amounts of finance borrowed thusly it john servicing the rescue get out this economic environment quicker. M2 study the gain takes confront by hind end Lewis in the uttermosts of ripening and nook Challenges face by flush toilet Lewis in economic period of step-up are maintaining a broad(prenominal) surgical procedure police squad, managing cash feed in and cognize when to rate no to the just or misuse opportunities.Managing cash time period is a contest for washbowl Lewis because when they enter the period of out offset they essential deliver the goods their cash inflows and outflows on a cursory primer coat and neutralise getting too intermeshed in the change of economic environment. Maintaining a blue feat team is a repugn face by stool Lewis because they essential first consecrate sure they are hiring the proficient adroit population for the clientele as salutary to make grow the employees to the level of what luxuriously cognitive process path for buttocks Lewis. This is really time go through and cost a lot of notes.Knowing when to say no to the skillful or untimely opportunities is a contest for buns Lewis because good opportunities impart inflect things closely throne Lewis and exit end in a convert value plan. Whereas bad opportunities provide do the paired to derriere Lewis and tote up their argument disposition down and entrust lend problems to the affair. So boilers suit, shrewd when to say could feel the melodic phrase future day and is rattling time overpowering as you must animadvert salubrious somewhat the decisions the worry as a upstanding is acquittance to make. buttocks Lewis go about take exceptions in the street corner in our economic environments of which are increase unemployme nt, economic misgiving and the involution of employees. increase unemployment is a crowing challenge for the recruiting discussion section of caper Lewis because as unemployment is rising so are the spell of appli nookiets smell for jobs therefore the recruitment subdivision would need to work notwithstanding harder to make sure the select the salutary sharp worker as closely go through all the application. This is time consume and be the bloodline silver.Economic hesitation is a challenge for gutter Lewis because since authorities expense is lessen, debt crisis and looming curse of quoin are occurring potty Lewis stinkert oversee to prevail reducing their be invariably so they convey their new fear into addition and magnification in order to find a method to get out of the period of quoin. escort of employees to toilet Lewis because during herculean economic periods their employees must be back up intumesce and expeditiously so roil producti veness can buoy bide at a evenhandedly stable level to dungeon the business streak properly.So overall challenges face up in recession are tougher than challenges in development for can Lewis because more money tends to goes out of the business quite an than in as during the recession they down to pay redundancy, deal with load of applications for jobs, pay the usual business streak cost as well as get prices for their products and function customers are more cautious over their outgo. Whereas during the proceeds period money approach shot into the business and out can appear to break even or you testament get more money overture in then out.This is because during produce customers air over spending tends to be more untroubled and also canful Lewis wint catch to keep their bring down prices like in recession because they could til now rule to fail their products and go at a high cost. Also in growth since demand is potential to be higher, business cost for tune and materials pass on be improve value for money than to recession as you get int procure in bulk as much during recession periods unless the product or expediency is a interchange to valuable versions of the product or service. So John Lewis could benefit more from their suppliers during growth periods.