Critical Thinking Case Study Essay

Describe all assumptions you see in any documents. Kelly Thomas – Senior Engineer, Product Development1. Assumed AcuScan’s customers would not be happy with just anything developed and launched. 2. Assumed Pat did not have any technology experience previous job in the cereal industry. 3. Assumed Pat was talking to the programmers without Kelly’s knowledge or consent. 4. Assumed Pat wanted to continue arguing on email. Pat Lambert – Director of Marketing1. Assumed the customer would be happy with anything launched on the market from AcuScan2. Assumed programmers could work in the new launch. 3. Assumed a new product launch would be simple to achieve. 4. Assumed that Kelly Thomas would go along with her regarding the â€Å"Operation Optimize†5. Assumed that the â€Å"Operation Optimize† could be launched in 6-months6. Assumed that meeting with Kelly Thomas in person would rectify the situation. Cliff O’Connor – CEO1. Assumed Pat’s work ethic and experience in previous job will automatically benefit the firm and reach AcuScan’s target market. 2. Assumed the staff would not have any communication or personnel issues. 3. Assumed there would be a budget crisis. Chris Martinas – VP, Product Development1. Assumed that it would not take much time to produce and launch a new product. 2. The potential return for first year would outlay with substantial ROI. THE CONFLICT2) Explain the arguments made by each of these people. Kelly Thomas argued that the new product features could not be developed ‘just like that’ and was detailed with planning, testing and quality control and could long make the features completely work by August. Kelly also stated that since the layoff two years ago, and 25% fewer programmers, they do not have the time or manpower for the product successfully to launch in time. Pat Lambert argued that ‘Retail’ is the answer instead of airports and store security for the new iScanner product to enable retailers to identify incoming customers, with several high-tech features can be developed as a prototype by August and at one point Kelly admitted to it not being a problem to make the iScanner market-ready in time. Chris Martinas argued that Secur-A was, AcuScan’s competition was working on a new product so AcuScan needs to expand into a different market and launch a new product by early 2004 or Secur-A would be on the top of the market. Cliff O’Connor argued that even though AcuScan was facing budget dilemma’s they can find a way to launch the new iScanner. 3) Evaluate each argument. a. Kelly Thomas – Kelly’s argument was logical mostly due to the fact he used the numbers and man hours from the first iScanner launch and he did not want to jeporize his and AcuScan’s reputation by throwing together a flimsy product launch. b. Pat Lambert – Pat’s idea on launching a new product in a new market was a positive one, in fact, a great marketing strategy to be the first company on the market with a new product to get ahead of competition. c. Chris Martinas – Chris does realize that to gain and maintain their  targeted market, a budget deficit would need to be put in action because he believes it is important to have a product launch in a new market. d. Cliff O’Connor – Although Cliff’s argument deems logical, it becomes unbeknownst there are major budgetary issues with AcuScan and to launch the iScanner correctly, there are many other decisions that need to be involved, this may include more lay-offs. Cliff is basing the fact that this new launch in a ‘new’ market will take minimal cost in time and money because AcuScan has done it in the past. 4) Describe specific fallacious arguments, and identify the people who hold them. Pat had a fallacious argument by stating that since other staff members had been with the company longer than Pat, they had a great deal invested in the company and knew what they had to accomplish in order to get a new product off and running. Chris made a fallacious argument about the company being on top again if the company developed a new product. But the since it is unknown, there is no evidence or research at this point the company cannot be certain of this fact. II: CONCLUSIONS1. Describe all problems in this situation. 2. For each problem, describe the data, arguments, and reasoning that contribute to each problem. AcuScan was faced with many problems trying to produce and launch their new iScanner. One main issue was the fact of AcuScan was planning to develop a new product when the company was already facing budgeting issues. Another problem was the staff at AcuScan not meeting face-to-face; instead they relied mainly on email to correspond with one another. Brainstorming, marketing product launches, and budgeting meetings could have benefited the staff and issues could have been handled different and resolved. Cliff, the  CEO should have taken initiative and interjected about the major communication issue the staff was having with one another. Use your reasoning to complete the worksheet below. 3. What is the underlying problem that is the base cause of the conflict within the company?The underlying problem that caused the majority of the issues at AcuScan was the lack of communication between department staff members which resulted in fallacious emails, snide, unnecessary comments which led to lack of production. 4. Alternative solutions. Due to the budgetary issues that were upon AcuScan, instead of a complicated new product launch, expanding the iScanner into industries such as hospitals, colleges and even government offices instead of expanding the new iScanner into the retail environment where the complicated launch requires many additional features is a possible solution, while keeping the idea for the retail industry on the shelf for future product launches. 6. Which solution will you recommend to the CEO? Why? Since both solutions are important, I would mention both to the CEO. Since communication is the backbone of an organization, I would bring up that issue first. Part II: Executive Summary1. Purpose and ScopeThe purpose of this summary is to analyze the issues on launching the new iScanner from AcuScan and rectify any facts pertaining to the potential launch. The scope includes various communications between colleagues and issues that resulted from that dialog. In conclusion the problems will be stated, solutions formulated and recommended results to rectify these problems will be discussed. 2. Summary of the SituationThe conflict between several key persons at AcuScan is hindering the growth of the firm and is causing havoc in receiving positive results for this potential new product launch. Secur-A, AcuScan’s, main competitor is only 4 months from launching their new product so it is believed to be absolutely essential to the survival of AcuScan to  beat them to market with a successful product as well. 3. Key PointsPat Lambert – the new director of Marketing, and Kelly Thomas – chief of the software development team, cannot agree on the length of time and the number of programming hours it will take to bring the new product to market. Kelly states that even with current staffing levels, they do not have the time or manpower to launch a new product the correct way. Pat’s states that a prototype can be built within the timeframe and budget however, neither Pat nor Kelly can compromise. Chris Martinas – VP of Product Development believes that Pat and Kelly can work out their differences together. Chris does not quite understand the magnitude of programming involved with this launch though. ConclusionsAs a result of fallacious emails to one another regarding the new product launch for Pat Lambert and Kelly Thomas both feel alienated and find it hard to compromise on the new iScanner Retail Project. The fallacious emails between Kelly and Pat are regarding their disagreement about the capabilities of the software design team and the man-power to create programming for all the features in the new iScanner. Pat is not quite experienced in dealing with software programmers, their processes and requirements. Pat and Kelly’s emails result in emotional and defensive and inability to listen to each other and cooperate on the new iScanner launch so it does not happen. Conclusion and RecommendationsIn many cases, conflict in the workplace just seems to be a fact of life. Many have seen situations where different people with different goals and needs have come into conflict. And we have all seen the often-intense personal animosity that can result. The fact that conflict exists, however, is not necessarily a bad thing: As long as it is resolved effectively, it can lead to personal and professional growth. In many cases, effective conflict resolution skills can make the difference between positive and negative outcomes. The good news is that by resolving conflict successfully, you can solve many of the problems that it has brought to the surface, in addition to getting benefits that you might not at first expect:My recommendation would be to get Pat, Kelly, Chris and Cliff into a room for a face-to-face meeting. The point of this is to increase the understanding which is needed to resolve conflict and it expands people’s awareness of the situation, giving them an insight into how they can achieve their own goals without undermining those of other people. Additionally, if is resolved effectively, team members can develop stronger mutual respect, and a renewed faith in their ability to work together; and after allowing a brief period of venting, the meeting can be called to order. At this point I would recommend that all emotion be excluded from the communication process, so that the first of many beneficial and productive brainstorming sessions can begin. Another thing I would recommend is to re-vamp the iScanner launch so the product launch is conducive to the budget and to better fit the company’s abilities. For instance, instead of launching a complicated product, possibly expand the current iScanner into other industries such as hospitals, colleges and the government, while adding possibly one or two features. The iScanner retinal scanner will perform the same functions as its current version with possibly one or two new features to keep within the company’s budget. Keeping the expansion of the ‘Retail’ iScanner idea on the backburner to launch in a year or two but after Secur-A launches their product. Reference Apollo Group (2003). UOP Assessment. Retrieved 4/19/08, from https://mycampus.phoenix.edu

Pepsico Restaurants Case

MGM 399 1:30-2:50 PepsiCo’s Restaurants PepsiCo started off being a passive company, but later took a more aggressive stance into acquiring key figures like Frito Lay, Pizza Hut, and KFC. The mastermind CEO Calloway orchestrated unique mindsets within each business, and also learned through experience (buying a bakery that failed). Calloway has a lot of success but now faces another important decision: Should he acquire Carts of Colorado? I believe this decision does have some issues and some risk, however overall the benefits might outweigh the problems.If PepsiCo has the right managerial experience and finances Calloway might want to acquire or at least do business with COC. As stated in the case PepsiCo has many competitors in the restaurant industry. The primary reason for acquiring COC is to give PepsiCo a larger advantage over their competitors and maintain sustainable growth. One way these carts can be of great value is their accessibility. Having a low cost mobile serv ice has great benefits. You can read also Classifications of RestaurantsAn example of mobility might be in an amusement park, or a populated city. Another advantage towards acquiring COC might be backward integration. If the carts are doing well other companies might want to buy carts from PepsiCo. A costly venture within the carts is technology. Research and development might be costly in the beginning stages. Management has to be efficient and up to date just as it would be in a restaurant. According to PepsiCo’s Foodservice Revenue of $250 billion 25% of that is from Quick Service.From the expertise with quick service, this should be implemented to increase revenue with the COC. From the case COC was technically bankrupt, and owed $1. 25 million. Pizza Hut helped to keep COC in business. PepsiCo has the capabilities that COC did not have in order to achieve sustainability. PepsiCo analyzed COC as not being the lowest-cost cart and kiosk manufacturer. They also evaluated its engineering and design to be around 18 months ahead of its competitors. This can be very attractive looking at the short term.Maintaining the competitive advantage in technology can be costly, especially since PepsiCo does not have much experience in this field. If PepsiCo acquires COC they would have to invest in technology which could be too expensive. The first recommendation is getting the carts or kiosks in the best location possible according to demographics and population. Backward integration may be possible down the road, but can also oppose a threat by giving competitors some market share. The main risk factor or issue down the road might be the technological aspect.I would suggest hiring managers that have mixed expertise with engineering/design, and with restaurant management skills. PepsiCo can definitely use their success in the quick service business. By using similar standards as they did with Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, and KFC can be very helpful in order to reach their growth goals. The low c ost of the carts/kiosks may be one of the more attractive incentives. My overall decision is to not acquire COC, but come up with some kind of an agreement/contract to do business with them.The main reason for not acquiring COC is PepsiCo would have to invest a lot in resources that deal with technology/R&D. I think it is too risky to get involved in areas where you do not have the correct resources/capabilities to maintain net gains. After a few years the competitors would have the same machines and loss could be evident. COC can provide a temporary competitive advantage. By just doing business with COC this can secure a competitive advantage in the industry for snacks/beverages/food at a low risk.

Strategic Human Resource Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Human Resource Evaluation - Essay Example The abilities of people to cope with such environment define the success of any organization. Because of this, human resource function has become the integral part of the corporate strategic planning. Top executives are increasingly looking to HR to improve the bottom-line. In addition to staffing, recruiting and compensation, new value-added HR functions have evolved including career planning, training, organizational development and succession planning. Strategic Human Resource Management contributes not only to achievement of the motivated workforce, but also to the accomplishment of the company's long-term strategy and to competitive advantage. The traditional roles of the Human Resource managers has changed from planning and recruiting, and today HR policies and practices influence the organizational performance. This new proactive approach to HRM is the shift from traditional view of personnel that focused on micro issues such as individual performance and satisfaction to the helping managers in maximizing the contribution of employees in achieving competitive advantage (Luthans 1998). Multinational organizations no longer rely on the technology or patents, but they utilize their people to create the competitive advantage. ... Human Resource Management can build the organizational capacity and sustained competitive advantage. Organizations must be able to adapt to the changing environments and be ready to react to risks. "Any organization that wants to remain successful must continually assess and formulate new strategies to meet the needs of its customers (both internal and external) in more effective ways" (Luthans 1998). For example, if the organization is emphasizing the cost strategy, the changes in HRM activities will enable those strategies to become the major focus of organization. If particular, the multi-skilled employees and less expensive staff will help to meet the cost objectives. Without proper changes in HRM functions, organizational strategy might fail. In addition to personnel administration, HR is supporting the company's competitive advantage by providing the talented employees AND helping the managers to strategically plan the functions of these employees within the company (Rowden 1999). Transformation of HR function into the strategic business partner positively affects the company's income. To ensure successful transformation, the overall company's business strategy should be clear. Human Resource Managers help to create customized strategic plans which do influence the effectives of the company's performance. In particular, the strategic HR manager ensures that employees understand their roles in mission accomplishment. This can be difficult to achieve in changing organization because of lack of stability and people leaving organization. The top managers usually know very little about the human resource management and their knowledge is limited to maintaining employee records and avoiding staff

The Death Penalty in the United States Research Paper

The Death Penalty in the United States - Research Paper Example Opponents also assert that the practice is overtly costly and racially biased while not realizing the intended outcome. Proponents think it is neither cruel nor unusual, quite the opposite, they think it fair and just. The objective of this study is to discuss the moral and legal concerns that literally are a life and death issue and is a key barometer when measuring a cultures collective conscience. The ‘eye for an eye’ faction not only accepts but insists that the death penalty be sustained and has supporting rational to back up their argument which will be covered comprehensively in this discussion. It will also take into account the opponents’ reasoning concerning why it should be eliminated along with the legal precedents concerned in an effort to achieve a comprehensive view of the capital punishment debate. Legal speaking, capital punishment is not unusual, by definition, unless one acknowledges the racial bias that exists throughout the justice system. The law cannot define whether it is cruel or not. Cruelty can be defined only by the collective social conscious of a society. The legal interpretation of the combined ‘cruel and unusual’ is open to debate, to some extent but the general usage of the word ‘cruel’ refers to vicious punishments that cause extreme pain. Most legal scholars agree that punishments that include body dismemberment or torture are unquestionably classified as cruel. The term torture was evidently open for debate during the past decade but the word means essentially the same universally; causing unwanted physical or mental anguish. The word ‘unusual’ is normally understood to mean going beyond what is an equitable application of punishment for an offense. For instance, if ten people were ticketed for a traffic violation and judge fined nine of them $150 but one was charged $1500, this punishment would be considered ‘unusual.’ Taken together in the phrase, †˜prohibiting cruel and unusual punishment’ signifies that the penalty should be apportioned equitably according to the specific offense committed. A ‘life’ prison sentence is an acceptable punishment but not if this punishment was imposed for jaywalking, that would be an obviously unacceptable sentence imposition because it is considered excessive and extreme given the nature of the offense. Excessive is a term that is also open to broad interpretation in both the legal and public realm. Some would contend, for example, that any amount of time imposed for ‘crimes’ such as the possession of drugs, prostitution and gambling should be interpreted as excessive consequently ‘unusual.’ The Supreme Court has on many occasions judged the merits of the death penalty and this action is interpreted as punishment which is cruel and unusual by the Constitution. The Court has consistently ruled the language of the Eighth Amendment does not prohibit t he death sentence as punishment. The Constitution was meant to be and is a malleable document, however. The judicial interpretation of the Eighth Amendment has evolved to some extent throughout the years. Therefore the Court could potentially reverse this standpoint at a future time as result of changing societal values. For instance, whipping convicted criminals was routine until the late Eighteenth Century. This practice is now considered to be inappropriate because society’s attitude changed to define it as a ‘cruel’ punishment. With respect to capital punishment, however, â€Å"

Case study Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Case study - Coursework Example Some of the products which fall into this category are computer servers, automobile products and aircraft. In the context of automotive products or car industry, Build to Order (BTO) is considered as an approach, where the production takes place when a confirmed and validated order is received from the end consumer. The end customer refers to the individual who places an order for the product to the company. However it must not take into account any orders by the national sales companies, point of sales or dealers, bulk orders, original equipment manufacturer, or any other middle man in the entire supply chain. It should be also noted that BTO does not take into consideration any kind of production or manufacturing of the orders which are in the pipeline. As the pipeline approach embraces further sophistication and is often termed as build to stock (BTS) system or build to forecast (BTF) strategy towards production. Traditionally, there were several manufacturing approaches. However the most common form was the lean production method. Lean manufacturing or production is considered to be one of the traditional approaches of production. ... tant aspects of this production strategy are as follows: - Just in time production (JIT) Kaizen (Continuous improvement) Cell production Zero defect production and Total Quality Management (TQM). Time based management Simultaneous engineering Quality Circles (Cutcher-Gershenfeld et al., 1998, p.75) There are many differences between the two approaches of car production. The differences come in the form of marketing, logistics, production, customer relationship, managing uncertainty, suppliers and also finished goods inventory. For example in the Build to Order approach the production system focuses on the supply chain flexibility and customer demand. On the other hand, the traditional approaches mainly focuses on stable and level schedules, and also concentrates on fixed order line-up. Some of the other differences between the traditional approaches and build to order approach are presented in a tabular form below. Table 1 – Differences between traditional approaches and build to order supply chains Factor Build to order approach Traditional approach Suppliers Responsive Lead times are long Logistics Non differentiated and mass approach Customized, reliable and fast approach Marketing Pull the customers Push the customers (Source: Deloitte, 2008) To what extent is the Product Life Cycle framework useful to explain the emergence of â€Å"build to order† manufacturing? Answer 2: - In the last few decades, there has been phenomenal growth and investment in the area of product life cycle management. Companies are exploring the opportunities to fully harness their assets and streamlining product lifecycle processes like never before. The theory of product life cycle was developed in the early 1950s. The primary rationale behind the development of this theory is to uncover

Haskell Indian Nations University Research Paper

Haskell Indian Nations University - Research Paper Example Students wore uniforms and marched to classes as they were under the semi-military system. Facilities included a jail, for students who were unruly, and a brig (Anonymous 07). In 1894, 606 students were admitted into the university, from 36 States. The college started offering college classes and normal school in 1927and the last high school class graduated in 1965 anonymous, (11) asserts. In 1970, it was accredited to be Haskell Indian Junior College and by 1993, Bachelor of Science degree in elementary education was added and it was later changed to Haskell Indian Nations University. . The university offers majors in Indian American studies, business administration, environmental science, and elementary education. Fee per semester is $215, between 2007 and 2008. The institution hosts about 1,000 students, representing 150 tribes and the 50 states of United States of America of tribes of Indian American together with Alaskan Native Villages (Anonymous 4). The university has twelve c ampus buildings which form national historic landmarks in United States (National Park Service 342). Based on a graduation rate of 9% reported tot the Education Department, the university was ranked number 9 on the list of top fifty dropout factory in 2010 in the university’s College Guide, from Washington Monthly (Dropout Factories 44)". The mission statement of the institution is meeting the highest cultural needs and educational levels their nation, surrounding Indian nations and all those who want to engage in a learning life. Their vision is to serve all people through innovative and higher opportunities of education. The philosophy statement is celebration of all Indian cultures together with empowering individuals who goes to the institution to seek knowledge. Research Areas The university is highly funded by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) together with United States. In its service demonstration to indigenous students and local communities, GIS technology courses are now being offered in the institution and this offers a great work experience and educational opportunities to Alaskan and American Indian natives at Haskell, besides supporting the local tribes by providing their skills to solve their needs, as students take back important knowledge to their respective villages and tribes (Native Americans Association 76). The institution primarily serves Alaskan natives and American Indian tribes, and its development is shaped by the Indian affairs bureau. The institution also continues to be funded by the American government. The greatest challenge that the institution faces is ethnicity. Students from other colleges see it as an inferior institution, since the whites believe they are the superior race. Other challenges include historical trauma, chronic underdevelopment and poverty. However, students from this institution have become great scientists and entrepreneurs and are employed in the private and public sectors. Native Nation Informati on The university is located in Lawrence, Kansas, and it grants baccalaureate to members who are well recognized in United States as Native American tribes (Native Americans Association 59). The communities that are primarily served by the university are American Indian and Alaskan native tribes. However, other local tribes also benefit from the university as students from this institution helps them solve environmental and economic problems that they face in

Should drivers pay a fine for texting while driving Essay

Should drivers pay a fine for texting while driving - Essay Example Now then is today’s world we have cell phones, smart phones, computers, social media and all sorts of technology. You can control, plan, coordinate, search and travel all at once. Because of modern technology all that we used to do while being static, can now be achieved when driving from point to point. The last bit however was not a technological advancement but more of a convenience, a potentially harmful convenience. Texting or use of mobile while driving is distracting and is the cause of most distraction related road accidents. Most States in the US have a ban on speaking on mobile phones while driving and allow hands-free devices. There is still mixed opinions on whether strict traffic rules should include a ban on texting while driving. This article reviews whether there should be a ban on texting while driving. First let us start the argument by saying that Texting while driving is dangerous and that there should be a law and strict penalties against texting while driving. We will now examine why? Many people argue tat texting and driving cannot be equated to drinking and driving under other influences. We all agree that there are far many other distractions to a person in a car. The driver could even get distracted by trying to adjust the volume of their CD player or while talking to a passenger or even glancing back to look for the blind spot longer than necessary. But we have to also bear in mind that these are actions that may cause us to take our eyes of the road but do not necessarily involve too much brain function. While these are actions that are not recommended either we have to agree that talking on the phone or texting involves lot more concentration from the driver than any of these above mentioned functions. A driver could be talking to a passenger sitting next to him or her. But there is a subconscious awareness by at least one of them to watch the road in most cases. A person can have their eyes on the road and

Comparative critical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Comparative critical analysis - Essay Example An analysis of this fact explains that it is of the essence that the teaching and learning processed be set in a manner that will help unfold the mental abilities of the learners. Since learning results in different forms of change, it is fundamental that the learning process be created in a way that will help the children acquire a new skill. A developed learning process is also directly linked to cognitive, social as well as affective development (Daniels, 1996). In line with this argument, the teaching and the education processes need to be practical in such a way that will lead to deeper insights on the mind of the children. Through learning, the mind of the children is helped to develop. As seen in the research conducted by Donaldson (1978). Through the process of learning children adopt and learn new ways of mental functioning. In the course of learning for example, the child may learn aspects touching in culture and language and manipulate the same to developed new ways of thinking and self-regulation (Wood, 1998). Through the language structures and the pragmatic concept of the same, children in turn form new facets that shape their minds (Wood, 1998). From this perspective, it is evident that the mind of the child indeed determines the way in which they learn, think, and perceive things in their surroundings. For learning to take place in the case of the children, the entire learning and teaching process has to be active in approach. Vosniadou (2001) indicates that it is only in an active teaching and learning process that active learning takes place as well as the mutant development of children. Through an active learning process, it is indicated that the minds of the children are stimulated; thus, allows for a mastery of contents and a complete transformation of the general development of child since the building blocks of the mind have been

Femininity in American Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Femininity in American Cinema - Essay Example Most Hollywood pictures were based on scripts which had a plainly obvious adherence to the tried and tested formula of the attraction between the sexes, where the feminine element played centre stage. The female was largely seen to be responsible for the occurrence of the various events in the plot, which were unfailingly the result of the male-female chemistry prevalent in the perception of society. A classic example of the feminine element in American cinema would be the 1998 romantic comedy â€Å"You’ve Got Mail†. Meg Ryan portrays Kathleen Kelly who is involved with Frank Navasky (Greg Kinnear), while maintaining the fact that the two were otherwise acquainted in business. While Frank, as a newspaper writer for the New York Observer, is devoted to the typewriter, Kathleen prefers her laptop and logging into her AOL e-mail account [1]. This maybe interpreted as a portrayal of the sense of adaptation of the modern female as opposed to the modern male who maybe seen as sticking to the traditional path of existence. A further shade of thought may lie in the storyline where the hero runs a considerably large bookstore with commercial values taking the forefront, while the heroine runs a small corner shop book store. This may be a subtle allusion to the subordination supposedly meted out from one gender to the other, in the backdrop of a long online courtship without either party being aware of the other’s identity. Yet another 1998 film, â€Å"Savior†, portrays a different shade of the feminine element. The film portrays a Serbian woman and her newborn child being escorted by an American soldier to a safe house during the Bosnian War. This may well be an allusion to the primitive idea of the protection warranted by the fairer sex. The portrayal of the feminine element here, as with most of the citable examples, is largely an instrument to emphasize the different shades of the masculine form.

Economic Trends in Human Service Field Essay Example for Free

Economic Trends in Human Service Field Essay The interaction with their peers, and the ffcompliance with role models with authority (teachers) impacts their social development during middle age school years, as well as for teachers to Considered the â€Å"third parent. † Good teachers mentor children to become productive members of society and motivate to become life-long learners. achievers. while they shape the child’s mental concept of the world. Institutions, such as elementary schools, are the place for children to share and exchange their ideas with their peers. Psychosocial development in middle childhood contributes to the child’s â€Å"School-age children spend more time away from home visiting and socializing with peers than hen they were younger. They also spend more time at school and on studies and less time at family meals than children did a generation ago. Still, home and the people who live there remain an important part of most children’s lives† (Papalia, Feldman, Martorell, 2012, p. 326). SCHOOL COUNSELOR: When a child must see a school counselor, it maybe from a decline in the child’s academic performance. Teachers coordinate plans with a school counselor so that they may keep track of academic progress, as information is addressed to the parents. However, if the child shows no improvement in all subject areas, the source of the problem must be found elsewhere. CHILD PROTECTIVE SERVICES: Child protective services (CPS) must be involved when teachers are suspicious of child abuse and child sexual abuse. Teachers collaborate with CPS for the safety and protection of the child. Because teachers spend 30 hours a week with a child, teachers are able to provide valuable information of suspicious abuse. It is within the best interests that the child will not face danger or harm when the child is at home. As part of an ethical code that teachers must comply to, it is also their obligation as mandated reporters of the law. BEHAVIORALIST: Teachers may witness a child with irradict behavior, so for this reason, they are prompt to involve a behavioralist. A child might act in a hostile mannor, and may even show lack of motivation to learning. . For a child that suffers from some mental impairment a behavioralist may reveal the underlining cause of the child’s maladaptive behavior as a therapeutic approach. to sometimes it is from a mental disorder. For a child that suffers from some mental impairment a behavioralist may reveal the underlining cause of the child’s maladaptive behavior, behavioralist are involved for a few reasons.

A Fitness Center Where Every Body Benefits Marketing Essay

A Fitness Center Where Every Body Benefits Marketing Essay Entrepreneurship project that was assigned to us was to make a business plan of a new business venture. The report covers the core concepts that are involved in the making of and implementation of a new companys business plan. Identifying the opportunity and taking the initiative towards something novel and different, a new venture concept that I have decided is a fitness center. This report contains about the company, identification of the target market, strategies to penetrate in the target market segmenting it to different locations, the industry analysis, marketing plan and positioning of the company, effective pricing strategy, how to promote it to clients through different strategies of advertising and promotion, the operational plan for the early stages of the company and the financial factors that are major challenges for the company THE BUSINESS Our vision: To make BODYFIT a place where every body benefits. Mission statement: Your fitness is our priority. We strive to provide you a safe, healthy and secure fitness environment. where customers can achieve their fitness goals. Our professional, expert and qualified staff is committed to the highest level dedication that ensures the satisfaction of customers fitness with motivation and quality Opportunity (potential business): We are going to launch new company in Islamabad, Pakistan which is basically a fitness center/club. In Islamabad, there are already few companies that are providing such services like FIT n FLEX, METAFITNOSIS, and FITNESS FIRST, ULTIMATE GYM etc. so there is a room for a new fitness center to establish and capture the market and response. As we have recently seen this trend that people are becoming conscious day by day about their health and fitness and they want such a place where they can get fitness under proper guidance from professionals. So by setting up our fitness center we can cater the needs of our customers by providing unique services under one roof, and get our market share in health industry. MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE Board of Directors: initially the board of directors will be the inside investors who providing with the necessary funding and investment to the company. Law firm: Accounting firm:KPMG Consulting firm: The management team is very crucial for any business success. Our team consists of dedicated members who strive to achieve the maximum benefit for the organization and its customers. Of them MD will play vital role in management by using his expertise and knowledge in the smooth and efficient running of the organization. He would have to oversee and control all the major departments of the company. COMPANY STRUCTURE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY The company would be established under the legal structure of: Private LTD Company. And the brand name would be protected through registering the company name so that it cannot be copied. As per requirement patents and copyrights would also be applied for. The company will consist of the following departments and their duties would be as follows:- Management department As our vision and mission statement, management departments aim is to translate vision and mission in strategic manner to achieve the targets and goals. As this department is the backbone of any organization. The managing Director (MD) will control the structure of the organization. Finance department To make the required statements and analysis such as Budgeting, Cash flow Profit and loss statement, Expense sheet, Project plan sheet, Financial analysis, Balance sheet etc HR department   Making necessary adjustments in terms of human resource such as training, hiring, recruiting, appraising, evaluating and compensation packages. Accounts department Updating accounts on the daily basis and giving reports to the management. Security department Providing safe environment to the customers and management. Maintenance department Making sure that every machinery and equipment is in place and up and running. Rules and regulations: Necessary rules and regulations will be laid down to for adherence to company policies to provide members a safe, enjoyable, healthy and comfortable experience. The members and guest would have to sign the required documents before using the fitness center facilities. And if some changes are made to the policies our members will be informed beforehand. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS As also mentioned above that recent trend of people becoming conscious day by day about their health and fitness concerns. So this is a very good opportunity for us to enter into and start a fitness center. As this market is still in its growing stage there is a high chance of earning profit by providing these services to our customers. for this we also conducted a SWOT analysis of our project which is as follows. SWOT analysis: Strengths: Friendly, safe and healthy environment. International standard equipments from USA. Professionally qualified and expert trainers. Diversified and flexible training program tailored for each customer. Separate timings for males and females, and Co facility for specific timings for couples only Weaknesses: Less space for future project extension. Limited number of members can be given membership due to less space. Lack of Experience in this industry. Threats: Established Competitor (FIT n FLEX, METAFITNOSIS) Higher than expected Cost. Contingencies. Legal and Security Issues. Opportunities: Market is still not saturated which provides incentives to expansion. Collaborate with well renowned fitness centers nationally and internationally. Market segmentation and Target market Marketing segmentation will be done on the basis of Geographical region City = Islamabad Area = E, F and G sectors In future we plan to open our branch in Bahria town. Demographic factors Age = from 12-45 and above Gender = male and female Occupation= no restriction in terms of occupation we would be targeting everyone who can afford. Psychographic Values and Life Style Achievers   Health conscious Sporty Party goers Stylish Identifying possible competitive advantages. As the Company is new in the market, with different features and attributes, so the management have identified that competitive advantage are its unique services, and good team. MARKETING PLAN Actually marketing plan consists of all those items that create and increase the demand of its product. PRODUCTS SERVICES GYM WORKOUT BODYBUILDING: COMBINED GYM. We would be providing our members with top notch international standard, the very latest and advanced equipment, that will guarantee a comfortable and effective exercise experience. A personal training program will also be offered to customers who require full attention from our expert trainers. State of the art Gym that will have around 90 plus machines. Consisting of:- 1-Light weight area.   2-Heavy Weight area for professional and extensive body building program. LADIES: A separate area for ladies consisting of the equipment specially for their purpose. exclusive state of the art Gym.   1-Light weight area Equipped with Biomechanical Machines. 2-Heavy Weight area (specifically for women) Equipped with Heavy Machines for professionals SWIM SCHOOL: Private classes would be available at any level for adults as well as children. Children must be at least 8 years old to participate in private lessons Our pool would be a rectangle shaped pool with sun beds, a mini island, rockeries, waterfall etc Temperature controlled water with standard filtering system. MASSAGE SERVICES:   we would also be providing massage services to our market. Our dedicated staff is eager to graciously pamper you from the moment you arrive, stressed, until you depart, refreshed and re-energized. PRICING The pricing strategy portion of the marketing plan involves determining how we will price our product or service; the price we charge has to be competitive but still allow us to make a reasonable profit. We would be charging different price depending on the package that the customer has opted for and the time period for which he/she wishes to join our fitness center. We set our prices by examining how much it costs us to produce the product or service and adding a fair price for the benefits that the client will enjoy. Place:- We have bought a land in F-9 park which is an ideal location for our business. The place and the surrounding and the atmosphere provided in our club is perfect for our customers as it will be away from the noisy and busy area of the city. PROMOTION:- Different mediums will be used to communicate to our market. The tools which we would be focusing on for launching our business would be advertising and public relation. Which will include. RADIO: The reason for choosing radio is because of its large mass appeal and secondly it is less costly compared to television advertisement. Newspaper and magazine Press relations:-Creating and placing news worthy information in the news media to attract attention to a person, product or service. Public affairs:-Building and maintaining national or local community relations is called public affairs. Public relations are used to promote products. We would be having our own website and company pages on social networking sites. To keep on informing our customers. OPERATIONS PLAN Operational plan includes the day to day activities of our business and how we would be working towards providing the services to the customers. as already mentioned before we are providing fitness services to our customers in terms of gym, swimming and massage facilities. We would be providing services ourselves and it wont be outsourced or contracted out to some other firm. The location of our business is in sector F-9 of Islamabad. As such we wont be requiring or needing a place to keep inventories as we primarily are providing services to our customers. However, we would be requiring some space for machinery that is out of order and for maintenance purposes. We at BODYFIT will ensure that our members get high quality satisfied services. We will be regularly asking our members for feedback and ways to improve our services. We will make sure that our equipment is in the best possible condition while maintenance will be done frequently. Rules and policies regarding the operations will be mentioned in the rules and regulations section which will be signed by each and every member before becoming a part of BODYFIT. FINANCIAL PLANS In order to start the business we would be requiring fairly large amount of investment. For that purpose we have decided to split the investment in terms of loans and equity. 60% of the funding required will be attained through bank loan and the rest 40% will be financed by equity that is through shareholders. Our main source of revenue will come in two ways. 60-70% of revenue will come through the monthly fees and membership fees from the customers. and remaining revenue will come from the consulting services that we will be giving in terms of personal training. Salaries of staff and trainers and rent are the two major expenses while depreciation is another significant cost that will increase as the company develops.   Purchasing of fitness medical and office equipment is expensive constant replacement will be needed to minimize depreciation costs and maintain a competitive edge.   In order to maintain steady gross margins salaries and advertising expenses are not likely to increase within the first two years of operation. The company would be frequently evaluating and assessing its financial postion interms of profit and loss statement, balance sheet and cash flow statements. And keep an eye on working capital so that the business is able to meet its short term financial obligations and smooth running of the business. The most important financial indicators are net increase in cash and net income. Net increase from cash will represent the relationship between net income and net cash from operating activities. The greater the increase is the better it is for the companys level of financial strength at that point in time.

Living with Epilepsy :: Personal Narrative Essays

Living with Epilepsy It was a cold, rainy day. I could see most of the kids at the bus stop had winter coats and hats. The clouds were particularly low in the sky. After evading the numerous puddles in the road, I reached the bus stop and walked up to a group of friends. A girl in my class spotted me and asked, "Are you going to the dance tomorrow?" I froze. I had forgotten about the dance and now was uncertain about whether I was going or not. "Yeah, probably," I answered. She nodded and we discussed other things, but my mind never wandered away from the question she had posed. Suddenly, the bus appeared and I climbed on and took a seat in the front. I needed some time to think. Ever since the doctors told me I had epilepsy, I have lived with an added stress. When I was younger it was not as stressful as it is now that I am in high school. I know that I have become increasingly self-conscious about it. The first seizure I ever had was in fourth grade. The doctors do not know what triggered the seizure, and I do not remember it. The students and teachers told me that I screamed and lost consciousness. Then I started jerking with muscle contractions. Later, the doctors told me I had epilepsy, specifically the type known as grand mal. Immediately, the doctors put me on some medications to prevent the seizures. They also gave my parents a bunch of packets of information about epilepsy. When I got older, some of those packets informed me that 20-25 million people have suffered from an epileptic seizure. Many people grow out of childhood epilepsy or they take medicine to control it. However, there is still a risk of having a seizure even if you take medication. Over the past few years, I have become increasingly aware of the chance of a seizure at any time. The day after my seizure, I came to school and the kids were a little frightened of me. It only took a little time for them to forget, but the few days after the seizure were unbearable. The kids acted like epilepsy was contagious. Of course, I understand that a seizure is a dramatic and frightening event. I can only speculate at what the kids in high school would do if they saw me having a seizure. Living with Epilepsy :: Personal Narrative Essays Living with Epilepsy It was a cold, rainy day. I could see most of the kids at the bus stop had winter coats and hats. The clouds were particularly low in the sky. After evading the numerous puddles in the road, I reached the bus stop and walked up to a group of friends. A girl in my class spotted me and asked, "Are you going to the dance tomorrow?" I froze. I had forgotten about the dance and now was uncertain about whether I was going or not. "Yeah, probably," I answered. She nodded and we discussed other things, but my mind never wandered away from the question she had posed. Suddenly, the bus appeared and I climbed on and took a seat in the front. I needed some time to think. Ever since the doctors told me I had epilepsy, I have lived with an added stress. When I was younger it was not as stressful as it is now that I am in high school. I know that I have become increasingly self-conscious about it. The first seizure I ever had was in fourth grade. The doctors do not know what triggered the seizure, and I do not remember it. The students and teachers told me that I screamed and lost consciousness. Then I started jerking with muscle contractions. Later, the doctors told me I had epilepsy, specifically the type known as grand mal. Immediately, the doctors put me on some medications to prevent the seizures. They also gave my parents a bunch of packets of information about epilepsy. When I got older, some of those packets informed me that 20-25 million people have suffered from an epileptic seizure. Many people grow out of childhood epilepsy or they take medicine to control it. However, there is still a risk of having a seizure even if you take medication. Over the past few years, I have become increasingly aware of the chance of a seizure at any time. The day after my seizure, I came to school and the kids were a little frightened of me. It only took a little time for them to forget, but the few days after the seizure were unbearable. The kids acted like epilepsy was contagious. Of course, I understand that a seizure is a dramatic and frightening event. I can only speculate at what the kids in high school would do if they saw me having a seizure.

Do Computers Think? :: essays research papers

Can or will computers ever think? Well this has been a subject of much debate between even the greatest minds, and yet there is still no answer. First of all I have would like you to answer a question. What is 4x13? Did you have to think to answer that? Yes? Well does that mean that a computer can think because it can answer that question. Well that is what we are going to set to answer and I think yes, depending on your definition of thinking. First off let’s get something straight. When I refer to computers in this essay I am not referring only to the microprocessor sitting on your desk but to microprocessors that control robots of various structure. Well as I said we first must define ‘to think’. What does that mean? Webster’s New Compact Dictionary defines ‘think’ as "1. Have a mind. 2. Believe. 3. Employ the mind.". It defines mind as ‘to think’. So does this mean that if you can think does this mean you have a mind? My opinion is that, according to this definition, computers can think. A computer can give you an answer to the question ‘What is 4x13?’, so it can think. What’s that? You say it’s just programmed to do that, if no one programmed it wouldn’t be able to do that. Well how did you know how to answer the question? Your teacher or parent’s or someone taught it to you. So you were programmed, same as the computer was. So you think that programing is different than learning. You might think the same as my grandma that programing is something where things are just drilled into you like people who are members of cults. Well when your teacher stood over you desk in elementary and do drilled you on the multiplication tables was that not programming? Would you know that 1x5 does not equal 10 if everyone you ever met said that it did. Another argument my grandma used was my little cousin and how when he runs into a wall he learns that it hurts so he doesn’t do it again. (Well actually he does it because he has a hard head). Yet a professor in Calgary builds robots that do not even contain a microprocessor yet it can learn. He builds them out of spare part from broken electronics such as walkman’s.

drugs Essay -- essays research papers

Throughout history, America has been fighting against drug and alcohol abuse in teens and adults. Many ways companies and anti drug groups try to prevent drug and alcohol abuse is through education in school systems and out of school systems. They teach young students about drugs and alcohol before they risk being around them, and they teach older students about drugs while they are around in their daily lives. Are these education programs really necessary? That’s the question many people ask, and also the question I’m going to attempt to answer. The government is usually the group that attempts to educate people about the causes and effects of drugs and alcohol through programs such as D.A.R.E (drug abuse resistance education) or S.M.A.R.T. (Specific Measurable Achievable Realistic Time-Specified objectives). D.A.R.E. tries to educate kids about drugs and alcohol while S.M.A.R.T. conducts studies to see how effective these programs really are. There have been several studies done that failed to find any value in the DARE program. About 26 million American school children are taught to resist the lure of drugs and alcohol by the DARE program, a studied showed that most of the students who took the 17 week DARE program ended up using drugs and alcohol at the same rate as children who learned about them in a normal health class. Many people think that DARE is the magic bullet to solve the drug and alcohol problems in the nation. Another study conducted in Illinois on about 1800 students, showed that DARE students used the same amount of drugs who did not take the program, and another study concluded that DARE students were more likely to use drugs than students without the education. Many tax payers demand to see what impact their money is having on substance abuse. The SMART program conducts many tests to show how effective or ineffective the use of drug and alcohol prevention or education programs really are. SMART has come to a conclusion that there is a â€Å"Null Hypothesis†, which means that X education programs has no significant effect in bringing substance abusers into long term abstinence. In 1995 SMART studied nearly 1000 people, from these they were able to find 99 who were discharged with the notation of â€Å"treatment complete.† Of these 99 they selected 50 people at random and were able to find only 18 of those 50 people, and of those 18 people, on... ...codes only through contract rights. At Indiana University-Bloomington, alcohol is prohibited in all on-campus undergraduate residences supervised by the University, and in all other areas open to the public. While that is the rule, enforcement is difficult. Using a strong enforcement hand is very difficult, and not well accepted by students and many parents. These students were educated about the rules of alcohol at their college and also about the causes and effects of alcohol to the body and brain, but they still do not listen and studies show that they still drink regardless of what prevention program they underwent when they were teens. As you can see, and as the results from all the studies done show, drug and alcohol education programs have little and sometimes absolutely no effect on the use of drugs and alcohol among students any age. Teens in high school, or adults in college, they all abuse drugs and alcohol no matter what drug education program they went through. Many people are even killed through the use of drugs and alcohol. The government needs to realize that educating people about drugs only makes them aware that the drugs are out there and available to them.

Signal Conditioning of Thermistor

Introduction Signal conditioning of thermistor Signal conditioning means manipulating an analogue signal in such a way that it meets the requirements of the next stage for further processing. Operational amplifiers(op-amps) are commonly employed to carry out the amplification of the signal in the signal conditioning stage. The signal conditioning equipment may be required to do linear processes like amplification, attenuation, integration, differentiation, addition and subtraction.They are also required to do non-linear processes like modulation, demodulation, sampling, filtering, clipping and clamping squaring, linealizing or multiplification by another function etc. the signal conditioning or data acquisition equipment in many a situation be an excitation and amplification system for passive transducer. It may be an amplification system for active transducer. In both the applications, the transducer output is brought up to a sufficient level to make it useful for conversion, proces sing, indicating and recording.Excitation is needed for passive transducers because these transducers do not generate their own voltage or current. Therefore passive transducers like strain gauges, potentiometers, resistance thermometers, inductive and capacitive transducers required excitation from external sources. The active transducers like techno generators, thermocouples, inductive pick ups and piezo-electric crystals. The thermistor constitute one arm or more than one arm of a wheatstone bridge which is excited by an isolated DC source. The bridge can be balanced by a potentiometer and can also be calibrated for unbalanced conditions.Thermistor is a concentration of the term â€Å"Thermal Resistor†. It is essentially a semiconductor, which behaves as a resistor with a high negative temperature coefficient of resistance. That is, as the temperature of the thermistor increases, its resistance decreases. The temperature co-efficient is expressed in ohms per unit change in degree Celsius ( ° C). thermistors with high temperature co-efficient of resistance are more sensitive to temperature change and are therefore well suited to temperature measurement and control.CONTENTS  ¦OBJECTIVE  ¦EXPLAINATION 1. WHEATSTONE BRIDGE 2. THERMISTOR 3. OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER 4. INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER  ¦METHODOLOGY  ¦SCOPE 1. Wheatstone bridge: Whetstone bridge is the most accurate method available for measuring resistances and is popular for laboratory use. The circuit diagram of typical Wheatstone bridge is given in figure Rx is the unknown resistance to be measured; R, R2 and R^ are resistors of known resistance and the resistance of R2 is adjustable.If the ratio of the two resistances in the known leg (R2 / R) is equal to the ratio of the two in the unknown leg (Rx / R3), then the voltage between the two midpoints (B and D) will be zero and no current will flow through the galvanometer Vg. R2 is varied until this condition is reached. The direction of the current indicates whether R2 is too high or too low. Detecting zero current can be done to extremely high accuracy (see galvanometer). Therefore, if R, R2 and R3 are known to high precision, then Rx can be measured to high precision.Very small changes in Rx disrupt the balance and are readily detected. At the point of balance, the ratio of R2 / R = Rx / R3 Therefore, Alternatively, if R, R2, and R3 are known, but R2 is not adjustable, the voltage difference across or current flow through the meter can be used to calculate the value of Rx, using Kirchoff s Circuit laws (also known as Kirchhoff s rules). This setup is frequently used in strain gauge and resistance thermometer measurements, as it is usually faster to read a voltage level off a meter than to adjust a resistance to zero the voltage.In practical Wheatstone bridge, at least one of the resistance is made adjustable, to permit balancing. When the bridge is balanced, the unknown resistance (normally connected at Rx) may b e determined from the setting of the adjustable resistor, which is called a standard resistor because it is a precision device having very small tolerance. Rx= (R2/R1). R3 APPLICATION OF WHEATSTONE BRIDGE: A Wheatstone bridge may be used to measure the DC resistance of various types of wire, either for the purpose of quality control of the wire itself or of some assembly in which it is used.For example, the resistance of motor winding, transformers, solenoids, relay coils and resistance of thermistor, RTD also can be measured. PRINCIPLE Resistance of thermistor changes with change in temperature. Resistance of thermistor decreases with increase in temperature while resistance of thermistor increases with decrease in temperature. It is a thermally sensitive resistor. FORMULA:- Rti = Rt2Exp[ p (1 / T1 – 1 / T2) ] Where,RT]= resistance of thermistor at absolute temp. Tl °k RT2= resistance of thermistor at absolute temp. T2 °k P= a constant depending upon the material of the thermistor (Typically between 3500 °k to 4500 °k)CONSTRUCTION:- Thermistors are composed of sintered mixture of metallic oxides such as Manganese, Nickel, Cobalt, Copper, Iron and Uranium. They are available in a variety of sizes and shapes. They may be in the form of beads, roads and discs. WORKING:- A thermistor change in electrical resistance due to a corresponding temperature change is evident whether the thermistor's body temperature is changes as result of conduction or radiation from the surrounding environment or due to self heating brought about by power dissipation within the device. THEORY:- .Thermistor is a concentration of the term ‘Thermal Resistor†. It is essentially a semiconductor which behaves as a resistor with a high negative temperature coefficient of resistance. That is, as the temperature of the thermistor increases, its resistance decreases. The temperature co-efficient is expressed in ohms per unit change in degree celcius ( ° C). thermisto rs with high temperature co-efficient of resistance are more sensitive to temperature change and are therefore well suited to temperature measurement and control. Thermistors are available in a wide variety of shapes and sizes.However, thermistor beads sealed in the tips of glass rods are most commonly used because they are relatively easy to mount TYPES OF THERMISTOR:- 1]PTC 2]NTC NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) It implies that the resistance of thermistor decreases with increases in its temperature. These thermistors can detect changes in temperature, which could not be observed with RTD's or Thermocouple circuits. NTC type thermistors mostly used in industry. Resistance of thermistor is used in industry is 2. 2 k Q. for temperature 30 °C. It's cost near about Rs. 10-15 SPECIFICATION:- *Range(? ): 50-300 *Accuracy : ± 1 *Resolution: 0. 01 ? C *Scale: Non-Linear *Thermister Constant: 4000? K OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIRES: One type of amplifier, which finds its way into almost a ll points of measurement and instrumentation system, is the operational amplifier. The word operational indicates that the amplifier can perform mathematical operations like inversion addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, integration and differentiation etc. Properties of ideal operational amplifier are: 1. It should have an infinite input impedance. 2. It should have zero output impedance. 3.It should have an infinite gain (gain of the order of 105 to 109) 4. It should have flat response over a wide frequency range. The operational amplifier consists of a very high gain amplifier with a negative > feedback. The gain of operational amplifier with negative feedback is determined by feedback components and not by the internal amplifier circuitry. APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER: Some of the important applications of an op-amp are: 1. Amplifiers 2. Active filters 3. Arithmetic circuits 4. Log and antilog amplifiers 5. Voltage comparators 6. Waveform generators 7.Precis ion rectifiers 8. Multipliers 9. Timers 10. Multivibrators 11. Regulated power supplies Operational amplifier characteristics: 1. Input offset voltage : The input offset voltage is defined as the voltage that must be applied to the input terminals to drive the output to zero. This is about 2mV for 741 amplifier. It should be understand thet the offset voltage changes with temperature. 2. Input offset current: just as a voltage offset may be required across the input to make the output voltage zero, so a net current may be required between the inputs to zero the output voltage.This current is called input offset current. This is equal to the difference between the two input currents. 3. Input bias current: It is defined as the mean of the two input currents required to make the output voltage zero. 4. Slew rate: it is the highest rate at which the output can change, it is expressed in terms of v/jiS. 5. Unity gain frequency: in many cases, specifications include the frequency respons e including unity gain frequency. This is the frequency at which the open loop gain of the amplifier becomes unity. The low frequency gain is about 20,000 and falls to unity at about 1MHz. he amplifier is said to have a 1 MHz gain bandwidth produt. 6. Common mode rejection ratio (CMMR): it is defined as the ratio of differential gain to common mode gain. CMRR is infinite for ideal op-amp. Thus the output voltage corresponding to the common mode noise is zero. IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OP-AMP: 1. Gain is maximum. 2. Input impedence should be infinite. 3. Output impedence should be zero. 4. CMRR should be infinite. 5. Bandwidth should be infinite. TYPICAL VALUES OF OP- AMP: 1. Input offset voltage:  ± 6mV. 2. Input offset current:  ±200nAmp 3. Input bias current:  ±7nAmp 4.Differential input resistance/impedence: 2m CI 5. Input impedence for 741 (FET op-amp): 1000 G Q 6. Output impedence: 75 Q. 7. Gain: 2 lakhs 8. Output voltage swing: 26Vpp 9. Supply current: 2. 8 mAmp APPLICATI ONS:- 1. It is used in lab and medical purpose. 2. PTC type thermistors are used to protect the motor from overheating. 3. It gives very accurate reading at high temperature. 4. For measurement of level pressure, flow of the liquid, composition of gases, thermal conductivity and vaccum measurement. UA741 General-purpose single operational amplifier UA741 General-purpose single operational amplifierFeatures * Large input voltage range * No latch-up * High gain * Short-circuit protection * No frequency compensation required * Same pin configuration as the UA709 Applications * Summing amplifiers * Voltage followers * Integrators * Active filters * Function generators Description The UA741 is a high performance monolithic operational amplifier constructed on a single silicon chip. It is intended for a wide range of analog applications. N DIP8 (plastic package) D SO-8 (plasticmicropackage) Pin connections (top view) 2 – Inverting input 3 – Non-inverting input 4 – VCC - 5 – Offset null 2 6 – Output 7 -Vcc+ – N. C. The high gain and wide range of operating voltages provide superior performances in integrator, summing amplifier and general feedback applications. The internal compensation network (6 dB/octave) ensures stability in closed- loop circuits. 1/11 www. st. com Schematic diagram 1 Schematic diagram UA741 Figure 1. Schematic diagram Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions 2 Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions Table 1. Absolute maximum ratings Symbol| Parameter| Value| Unit| Vcc| Supply voltage|  ±22| V| Vid| Differential input voltage|  ±30| V| Vi| Input voltage|  ±15| V| Output short-circuit duration| Infinite| | Rthja| Thermal resistance junction to ambient SO-8 DIP8| 125 85|  °C/W| Rthjc| Thermal resistance junction to case SO-8 DIP8| 40 41 |  °C/W| ESD| HBM: human body model(1) DIP package SO package| 500 400| V| | MM: machine model(2)| 100| V| | CDM: charged device model(3)| 1. 5| kV| Tstg| Storage temperature range| -65 to +150|  °C| 1. Human body model: a 100 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged through a 1. 5kfl! resistor between two pins of the device. This is done for all couples of connected pin combinations while the other pins are floating. . Machine model: a 200 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged directly between two pins of the device with no external series resistor (internal resistor < 5 n). This is done for all couples of connected pin combinations while the other pins are floating. UA741 3. Charged device model: all pins and the package are charged together to the specified voltage and then discharged directly to the ground through only one pin. This is done for all pins. 4. 4. INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER: The low level signal output of electrical transducers often need to be mplified before further processing. This is done by the use of instrumentation amplifier. The important features of instrumentation amplifier are as follows. 1. Selectable gain with high gain accuracy and gain linearity. 2. Differential input capability with high gain common mode rejection. 3. High stability of gain with low temperature co-efficient. 4. low DC offset and drift errors referred to input. 5. low output impedance. The input amplifiers A[ and A2 act as input buffers with unity gain for common mode signals ecm and with a gain of (1+2R2/Ri) for differential signals.A high input impedance is ensured by the non-inverting configuration in which they operate. The common mode (cm) rejection is achieved by the following stage which is connected as a differential amplifier. The optimum common mode rejection can be obtained by adjusting R6 or R7 ensuring that Ei – Ei R4 R6 The amplifier A3 can also be made to have some nominal gain for the whole amplifier by an appropriate selection or R4, R5, R6 and R7. The drift errors of the second stage add to the product of the drift errors of t he first amplifier and first stage gain.Hence, it is necessary that the gain in the first stage be enough to prevent the overall drift performance from being significantly affected by the drift in the second stage. The drift problem of instrumentation amplifier can be improved if amplifiers Ai and A2 have offset voltages, which tends to track the temperature. The gain of an instrumentation amplifier can be varied by changing R{ alone. A high gain accuracy can be obtained by using precision metal film resistors for all the resistance. Figure shows a simplified differential instrumentation amplifier using a transducer bridge.A resistive transducer, thermistor, whose resistance changes as a function of some physical quantity such as temperature is connected in one arm of the bridge and is denoted by (Rr  ± A R), where RT is the resistance of the thermistor and delta R is the change in the Generally, resistors Ra, Rb and Rc are selected so that they are equal in value to the transduce r resistance RT at some reference condition. The bridge is balanced initially at a desired reference condition. However, as the temperature changes, the resistance of the thermistor also changes causing the bridge to unbalance (Va 4- Vb).The output voltage of the bridge can be expressed as a function of the change in the resistance of the thermistor. Let the change in resistance of the thermistor be delta R. since Rb and Rc are fixed resistors, the voltage Vb is constant. However, voltage Va varies as a function of the change in thermistor resistance. Therefore The negative sign in this equation indicates that Va

Belonging: Past Hsc Student’s Draft

The need to belong is a human phenomenon that is the underlying cause of our actions. As humans, we search for like-minded people with whom we can find a sense of ourselves as people. This is a product of the fact that belonging is integral to the formation of one’s identity. However, a sense of belonging is often achieved by following a path of alienation. Similarly, alienation leads to disillusionment with that (verbose line) which one once believed in. Apocalypse Now directed by Francis Coppola, John Steinbeck’s Tortilla Flat and Peter Skrzynecki’s poetry all deal with these three dimensions of belonging.Belonging and acceptance is integral to the formation of one’s identity. Peter Skrzynecki’s poem 10 Mary Street illustrates the security and comfort that is a product of a sense of belonging. In this case, it is a sense of belonging to a family routine that occurs daily at number 10 Mary Street. The mundanity of the routine provides stability and familiarity. Skrzynecki uses time frames such as â€Å"5pm† and â€Å"For nineteen years† to establish a sense of repetition and order in the reader’s mind.Collective pronouns such as â€Å"we† connote collaboration and inclusion in the family sphere. This family inclusivity allows the poet to establish his identity at an early age in a place in which he belongs, as shown when he describes him wandering in the garden after school. The simile â€Å"like a hungry bird† shows (avoid using ‘show’ repetitively) him to be curious and boisterous. It connotes a healthy organic childhood. In the second stanza of the poem, Skrzynecki uses images of growth and nurturing to suggest a loving family environment and a sense of belonging to the land.The quiet â€Å"hum-drum† of daily routines, such as washing clothes and gardening, suggests that the house and Skrzynecki’s parents rarely change. This conjures an image of immense strength and solidarity. Skrzynecki establishes his childhood home as an enduring sphere of safety. He does this by personifying the house â€Å"in its china-blue coat† as a friend and part of the family. The home is a place in which to remember their Polish heritage. The repetition of the line â€Å"for nineteen years† illustrates the length of time that his family have been paying homage to their ancestry to as they â€Å"kept pre-war Europe alive. The use of the Polish word â€Å"Kielbasa† not only adds authenticity and depth to the poem but reinforces the idea that, though Skrzynecki’s family has moved away from war-torn Poland to Australia, they still firmly belong to their Polish heritage and there is a link for them and their family through which to establish their identities in their new land. The poet mourns the passing of his childhood and the destruction of the home in which he learnt the nature of growing up caught between two cultures and the rift b etween the past and the future. This notion is further explored in Apocalypse Now.Colonel Kurtz was the pride of the American Military Command. Having broken from the decrepit and corrupt school of thought that was the US army, Kurtz establishes his god-like rule over a clan of like-minded natives in the jungles of Cambodia. His character extrapolates all issues surrounding America as a nation, from war crimes to environmental stability. In one of the most compelling scenes of the film, Kurtz expresses his thoughts to Willard, one of the first Americans he has encountered since his dissent. He speaks of his son at home and his fear that if he were to be killed, his son would not understand his father’s actions.At this point, the extended close up shot of Kurtz’s face, half shrouded in darkness, changes slightly as he moves further into the light. This conveys that Kurtz still holds onto the hope that his son will one day come to understand his identity and why he acted in the way that he did. Kurtz is not ashamed of his actions because ultimately, he has fully formed his identity. First he was transformed on the battlefields of Vietnam by the death and ignorance he encountered/witnessed and then again in the jungles of Cambodia amongst the natives and free thought.Therefore, both 10 Mary Street and Apocalypse Now effectively explore the concept that acceptance and belonging are integral to the formation of one’s identity. A sense of belonging is achieved by following a path of alienation. In Migrant Hostel, Skrzynecki’s family struggle to establish themselves in a new land. Skrzynecki delineates the sense of alienation that the migrants have towards the rest of Australia. The â€Å"sealed off highway† demonstrates the separation they feel from the rest of the country.The simile of â€Å"rose and fell like a finger† demonstrates that they do not feel welcomed or accepted in their new land, but are constantly reprimanded , like a naughty child. The line â€Å"needing its sanction† demonstrates how the migrants are enslaved to the entrapment they feel in the hostel. They need permission to continue living in a manner that doesn’t reflect their culture or beliefs. This alienation from their culture and freedom renders each migrant unimportant and attempts to destroy their sense of personal identity and belonging. However, it is because of this alienation that they achieve a sense of belonging and identity.Nationalities ‘found each other’ based on their accents and the town they came from. Inside the hostel, they keep the memory of their home and culture alive though they are haunted by the â€Å"memories of hunger and hate† that destroyed their countries. Skrzynecki uses the simile â€Å"like a homing pigeon† to connote the strong sense of survival and solidarity shared by the migrants. The homing pigeon is a survivor that travels great distances. Skrzynecki us es a reoccurring motif of birds throughout this poem as they have connotations of freedom and migration.This dimension of belonging is further explored in John Steinbeck’s novel Tortilla Flat. Danny, Pilon, Jesus Maria, Pablo, Pirate and Big Joe Portagee are half Spanish- Mexican, misfits who form a brotherhood of drunken antics that centre around the home they all share in Tortilla Flat in California. The book is written in an entirely episodic fashion to fit with the allegory that Steinbeck creates, comparing the six men to King Arthur’s Knights of the Round Table. However, instead of knights in shining armour, they are the unruly and boisterous men upon whom the community of Monterey frown upon.Therefore Steinbeck creates a paradox within this novel because whilst this brotherhood is the only place that the men find a sense of belonging, it is also their association with each other that renders them unacceptable to normal society. Steinbeck quite obviously uses the technique of having his characters speak in language befitting the Elizabethan era. This reinforces the notion that they are all fallen from the grace of a former life not mentioned in the novel, but they are fallen together. It is also a distinguishable way from separating the adopted brothers from those in normal society.It heightens not only the sense of unreality that permeates the whole book but also the sense of alienation from the outside world. The brothers eat, drink wine, sleep and occasionally venture out to do good deeds for those around them. They live by an entirely alternative concept of time, space, possession and love. The growing sense of belonging that develops through the novel is conveyed through the slow gathering of the six men to form the brotherhood and the corresponding rising action. Once they are all convened under a banner of bemused freedom, Danny states, â€Å"we are now as one, as never such men have been before. Each member is crucial to the groupâ €™s dynamic and therefore to each individual member’s sense of belonging. This is conveyed at the conclusion of the novel when, after Danny’s funeral, the house that was their home accidentally catches fire but instead of trying to save their one worldly possession, the men allow it to burn to the ground and then go their separate ways. The last words of the novel are â€Å"no two walked together† conveying that the bonds of brotherhood had been broken and that it was only with each other that they belonged.Therefore, both Migrant Hostel and Tortilla Flat effectively convey the idea that belonging is reached by a path of alienation. Alienation leads to disillusionment with that which one once believed in (is there a different way to express this? ). Skrzynecki’s poem In The Folk Museum describes the experiences of the poet as he becomes increasingly alienated from his heritage. After describing his parent’s typical migrant experience in Migrant Hostel, the poet now finds himself unable to empathise with a past that is not his own.The use of first person not only allows the responder to connect on a deeper level with Skrzynecki, but also highlights the fact that he is alone in his musings about a past that he does not fully comprehend. In turn, this adds to the bleakness of an already melancholic poem. The caretaker of the museum represents everything that alienates Skrzynecki from his Polish heritage. She is knitting and has grey hair demonstrating that she is a relic herself and incongruent to contemporary society, just as Skrzynecki views his dying past.The simile of â€Å"cold as water† further illustrates that the poet no longer empathises or has any emotional connection to the events of his past. Although it is not as directly referred to in this poem(weak expression) as in others, In The Folk Museum also conveys how the poet’s disillusionment with his past leads to a sense of belonging with his present . The use of personification in â€Å"the wind taps hurriedly† communicates not only the poet’s frustration but also the determination of the outside world to remind him of the pointlessness of his reminiscing about his Polish heritage.The use of alliteration in â€Å"I leave without wanting a final look† conveys his speedy exit as well as his eagerness to regain the world outside of the museum, where he belongs. This notion of disillusionment is further explored in Francis Coppola’s film Apocalypse Now. Captain Willard, an American officer fighting in the Vietnam War, believes wholeheartedly in the US army and Western Civilisation as a whole. He belongs to war. At the beginning of the film, Willard is off duty in Saigon and recounts one of his trips home.The use of direct speech narration adds depth and authenticity to Willard’s character. He states â€Å"I’d wake up and there’d be nothing. Every minute I spend in this room, I get w eaker and Charlie gets stronger. † The reference to the Vietcong warriors implies that Willard is more at ease when he is fighting in Vietnam. His alienation from normal society is further conveyed by a montage of images of war superimposed with Willard’s face. The non-digetic music of The End by The Doors plays, with lyrics such as â€Å"the west is the best† that further illustrates Willard’s faith in the American way of life and war.However, at the conclusion of this montage, Willard is left naked and bleeding, wrapped in a torn sheet and screaming on his hotel room floor, a high angle shot highlighting his vulnerability. This scene is purposely designed to alienate the audience from the character and connotes the detrimental effect that Western civilisation is having on him. The repetitious rigmarole of a soldier’s life is communicated through the undershot of the turning fan in Willard’s room. He stares up at it from the bed, implying th at he is physically and mentally dominated by his life and routine as a soldier.As Willard travels further and further up river in search of Colonel Kurtz, he reads increasingly on Kurtz’s life and the events that have led him to the insanity that the US army now deems dangerous. Willard experiences more of the US army’s arrogance, blood-lust and drug use and becomes steadily disillusioned with the entity that he placed his faith in. Everything that is wrong with Western civilisation is represented through the arrogant Bill Kilgore who infamously states â€Å"I love the smell of Napalm in the morning. As the boat travels further up river, there is a distinct change in lighting. Before Willard boards the boat, there is a reoccurring motif of brightly coloured flares. The camera pans directly in front of the plumes of red, green and yellow smoke so that they form a veil over the scenes of battles and civilian deaths. However, once up river, the lighting becomes softer, greener and more defined. There is a distinct lack of smoke. This implies that Willard is travelling both physically and mentally away from the chaos of Western civilisation and heading deeper into Kurtz’s state of mind.Finally, Coppola uses the reoccurring motif of extreme close up shots on the faces of Willard and Kurtz. He does this to communicate that these two men are not necessarily similar but that they represent contrary facets of one human entity. The extreme close up shots of Willard and Kurtz reveal them to both be acutely serious men who have come to empathise with the same point of view. However, they are distinctly contrasted. Willard is often sweaty, dirty, constantly smoking whereas Kurtz is pristine, unchanging and aloof.This signifies that they will never be able to emulate the virtues of the other’s character that they themselves are deficient. Therefore, both In The Folk Museum and Apocalypse Now reveal themselves to be texts in which the view that alienation leads to disillusionment is explored. For humans to find where they truly belong, they must be placed outside of their comfort zone. They must travel beyond what they have before and thereby find something in the world, in others or in themselves that gives them a sense of belonging.Peter Skrzynecki’s poetry, Apocalypse Now directed by Francis Coppola and John Steinbeck’s novel Tortilla Flat all successfully explore differing dimensions of belonging such as the necessity of belonging to shaping ones identity, that belonging is reached by a path of alienation and that alienation leads to disillusionment. (just check over your section on Apoc Now – it is very good, however ensure you are explicitly referring to belonging – I would suggest that at the moment it is implicit – and of course make sure you use the words of the question in your answer)

Meditation Worksheet

Directions: Locate two resources on the Internet that explain meditation techniques. Copy and paste the Web address into the top of the matrix. After reviewing the Web site, provide a brief summary for each source. Below your summary, list two interesting facts you learned from each site. Try the techniques you located in your Internet search. Provide a brief description of what happened in your experience. Summary of resource:Meditation is a form of stress management that will allow our mind to experience an oasis of peace and love within our heart and mind. Meditation gave me back control over my life so that no matter what was happening externally whether it was positive or negative I could still develop control over my thoughts and thus control the emotions and feeling in my mind. NO one can control eradicate adversity in life but you can master the way you respond in regards to your thinking processes. Take control now master your mind through one of the meditation techniques and you will forever be able to be the peaceful beacon in the eye of the storm of any adversity. The basis for attaining an experience in raja yoga meditation in to understand the self and the mind. The human mind is the most creative, powerful and wonderful â€Å"instrument† we possess. Using this energy called mind we have been able to search the deepest oceans, send humans to the moon and scan the molecular fabric of the building blocks of nature. But have we found our true self? We have become the most educated and civilized society in our history, but are we civil towards each other? The soul has three main faculties; the mind or consciousness, the intellect and the subconscious. by the Brahma Kumaris Raja Yoga meditation organization. Two interesting Facts: So what I have read and learned of meditation is it is a way to lift up all bad energy from one’s body and it is a way to lower ones stress level to a normal level. It is a way to make one’s mind a peaceful place and in hopes of treating others like they are human too. Not only that, but most meditations help heal the body as well. Meditation allows one’s mind to open up to a peaceful place and it allows the stress to flow right out and it does have the power to heal the mind and soul. This in turns makes you feel loving and peaceful to other around you. That is what I got out of reading the facts I found. So my understanding of this particular meditation is more focused on ones three main faculties the mind or consciousness, the intellect and the subconscious. This meditation helps the mind and the other one is more for your body and mind. What intrigues me the most about this Raja meditation is that it is ran by women. Did you know that Raja meditation is what we have discussed in our class? It talks about the brain in how it is the power of our bodies. It also talks about the conscious mind and they talk about how feelings and emotions form in accordance with the montage of thoughts flowing in the mind. Therefore our state of mind at any given moment is determined by the thoughts in our consciousness, and also with the feelings that we associate with those thoughts. What happened after you tried each technique?Well, I felt like a weight had been lifted off of my mind and body. I am able to think more clearly and see everything around me as an equal. I tried this after my daughter spit grape juice all over my floor and I found myself not being so angry about it, but now I look at it as that she is a one year old who does not know any better and I am not as mad as I was at the beginning. I like the Raja meditation because it deals with our minds. When I tried this technique I found myself in a nicer state of mind. I was able to think clearly and I was able to appreciate life a little more than I did before. I was able to focus better on my homework while drowning out the extra noise around me. With both techniques I was more pleasant to be around and I was less moody. 1.Do you think meditation leads to heightened sensation and perception? Explain why or why not. Oh yes I do think it does lead to heightened sensations because when you allow your mind to open up to a different place you can actually feel it. Say you do the first meditation that I have tried. It takes your mind to any place you want to go. So when you get there you can feel the warm breeze on your face and smell the ocean air. You are able to hear the waves crashing on the rocks and sand and hear the gulls flying around in the sky. You can actually see the blue skies and the few white puffy clouds. It is amazing where one’s mind can take you. 2.Have you considered integrating meditation into your own lifestyle? If so, list one strategy for fitting meditation into your schedule. If not, explain why. Yes I have once brought meditation in my life when I was in high school. I think I need to bring it back to my life now because it has been so stressful and depressing. I plan to put in when I get up and when I go to bed. If for some reason I need it during the day I will find a quiet place to meditate for 15 minutes then I will go back to what I was doing with an open mind. There really is no reason why I cannot put a little me time in the day. I think everyone should be able to at least do some meditation in their day. Who knows maybe it might make the world a better place if they meditate.

What Is The Blue Ocean Strategy Commerce Essay

Blue ocean scheme makes companies to come out of ocean of bloody competition by making market infinite which is uncontested and that makes the completion irrelevant. Since, spliting up bing demand and benchmarking the rivals, Blue Ocean scheme is sing grow demand and interrupt off from the competition. The concern existence can be thought as a composing of two sorts of oceans the first is the ruddy ocean and 2nd one is the bluish ocean. Red ocean includes all the industries which exist today and it is about the known market infinite. But on the other side Blue Ocean can be considered as industries which are non in bing today and it is called unknown market infinite. The industries boundaries are defined and good accepted in the ruddy oceans. In the ruddy oceans the regulations of competitory games are good defined. The companies try to take away the greater portion of the bing demand. Because there is a cut pharynx competition that makes the ruddy ocean bloody and merchandises become trade goods.Blue oceans and Red oceansBlue Ocean can be considered as a fact of the demand creative activity, untapped market infinite and greater chances of extremely profitable growing. Some industries can be created good beyond of the bing industries. But most of the blue oceans are created from the within the ruddy oceans by spread outing the industry boundaries which are bing. Since, regulations of the game are to be set so competition becomes irrelevant in the bluish oceans. Red oceans will ever be taken as a affair of concern life. When supply exceeds the demand in more industries so the competition for undertaking demand will non ensue in to prolong high public presentation. Companies will hold to travel beyond the competition. They will hold to make bluish oceans to do more net income and growing chances. The most focal point of scheme work has been on the competition based ruddy ocean schemes in the recent times. But it provided the reasonably good understanding about accomplishment of how to vie in competitory environment from analysing the economic construction of the bing industry. It besides helped in doing a pick between strategic places of distinction or low cost or focal point, to benchmark the competition.Scheme followed over the clip periodThis term bluish oceans may be new but their being is non new at all. These are an of import characteristic of concern life, past and present. If we look back 100 old ages and inquire ourselves, How many o f today ‘s industries were non bing so? Probably the reply can be seen as many industries every bit basic as petrochemicals, music recording, cars, air power, direction consulting and wellness attention, were unheard of or had merely started to germinate at that clip. If we look back merely 30 old ages so once more we see, a multibillion-dollar industries came out like cell phones, common financess, biotechnology, gas-fired electricity workss, express bundle bringing, minivans discount retail, , snowboards, place pictures, java bars and many more. If we take and seek to see merely three decennaries ago, non one of those industries was bing in a important manner. Now we see frontward twenty old ages or possibly 50 old ages and inquire ourselves how many now unknown industries will probably be so. If we go by seeing the history as a tool to foretell the hereafter, so once more the reply is many of them.Some facets considered to follow this schemeThis is the world that industries ne'er become changeless. Industries continuously maintain evolving. The some operations related to industries better, markets get expanded, and participants enter and issue as the clip passes. This is the fact that history gives us lessons that we have a great underestimated capableness and capacity to make new industries and re-create the bing 1s. The services sector which were under the old system, for illustration, now have been expanded into seven concern sectors runing from information to wellness attention and societal aid. As given that these syst ems are designed for standardisation and continuity, such a replacing shows how of import the enlargement of bluish oceans has been. As we have noticed that the overruling focal point of strategic thought has been on competition based ruddy ocean schemes.Making bluish ocean impactIt can be quantified the impact of making bluish oceans on a house ‘s growing in footings of both grosss and net incomes based on the studied information. It has been found that 86 % of the new launches were extensions in the line that can be said as incremental betterments within the ruddy ocean of known market infinite and those accounted for mere 62 % of entire grosss and mere 39 % of entire net incomes. The remainder 14 % of the launches were targeted at making bluish oceans and they created 38 % of entire grosss and 61 % of entire net incomes.Forces behind the bluish ocean schemeThe several drive forces are working behind a lifting tendency to make bluish oceans. The promotions in engineering hav e significantly has improved productiveness of industry and made providers to bring forth the maximal possible array of merchandises and services. This resulted in increase in the Numberss of industries and supply exceeded demand. This followed tendency toward globalisation accelerated the state of affairs. The trade barriers between states and parts are going lenient and as the information regarding merchandises and monetary values become immediately, easy and globally available, the niche markets and opportunities for monopoly continuously keep disappearance. Although supply is keep on lifting as planetary competition increasing, and it is non supplying clear grounds that of an increase in demand worldwide, and statistics or informations even indicating towards to worsening populations in many developed markets. This has been resulted in increased commoditization of merchandises and services, intensified monetary value wars, and catching net income borders.Blue ocean assist in mak ing trade nameFor the major services and merchandises classs, trade names are usually going slightly similar, and since they are looking more similar people normally select those merchandises based on monetary value. The clients no longer state and steadfastly inquire, as they insisted in the yesteryear, that their laundry detergent be Tide. Because of the overcrowded industries, distinguishing trade names are looking harder in both economic downswings and upturns. This shows that the concern environing environment in which assorted scheme and direction patterns of the twentieth century evolved that clip is now vanishing. Since, ruddy oceans are going systematically bloody, direction will hold to be more concerned with bluish oceans. Scheme helps in dividing victors from also-rans The thing that makes the victors separate from also-rans in making bluish oceans was their scheme. Furthermore, the companies running in the ruddy oceans went by a attack which is conventional and traveling to crush the competition by constructing a safer status and place within the industry existed. Those steadfast or Godheads of bluish oceans, surprisingly, did non take the competition as their benchmark. But they implemented a alone and different strategic logic that can be considered as value invention.Value invention of import for this schemeThis Value invention can be taken as one of the of import concerns in bluish ocean scheme. It is called value invention since in topographic point of concentrating on header with the competition, the houses try to do the competition irrelevant by making and accomplishing value for purchasers ( clients ) and the company, so looking up new market infinite which is uncontested. This value invention focuses equal importance on value and inventio n. The values without invention attempt to concentrate on value creative activity on the incremental graduated table, something which improves value but is non adequate to do you prolong in the market place. Invention without value will be technology-driven, market pioneering, or futuristic, most of the times hiting beyond what purchasers or clients are ready to accept and pay for. It is indispensable to hold better apprehension that shows differentiation between value invention as opposed to innovation in engineering and market pioneering. It makes clear that what separates victors from the also-rans in making bluish oceans is neither shed blooding border engineering nor market entry clocking. It has been seen that sometimes it exists but most of the clip it does non. The value invention takes topographic point merely when the companies bring invention with cost places, public-service corporation and monetary value. The value invention is a new and different manner of believing about and put to deathing the scheme that consequences into the creative activity of a bluish ocean and a come off from the competition. It is by and large believed that houses or companies can either make intensified value to clients at a relatively higher cost or can make sensible value at a lower cost. Here it can be said that scheme is seen as choosing a pick between distinction and low cost. But those that want to make bluish oceans follow distinction and low cost at the same time.Other schemes related to blue ocean schemeThe creative activity of bluish oceans is about conveying costs down while at the same time taking value up for purchasers. This shows that how a spring in value for both the company and its purchasers is achieved. Since, purchaser value is created from the public-service corporation and monetary value that the companies offer to purchasers and because the value to the company is created from moneta ry value and its cost construction, value invention can be achieved merely when the whole system of the house or company ‘s monetary value, public-service corporation and cost activities is decently and efficaciously matched. This represents the whole-system attack that makes the creative activity of bluish oceans a sustainable and effectual scheme. Blue ocean scheme includes the scope of a company ‘s functional and operational undertakings or activities. On the other side inventions such as production inventions can be acquire at the subsystem degree without impacting the house ‘s overall scheme. The value invention is non lone invention but it is more than invention. It describes scheme that integrates the full or whole system of a house ‘s activities and undertakings.DecisionBlue ocean scheme describes that it is all about to retrace boundaries of market to interrupt away from the competition and create bluish oceans. This highlights the hunt hazard that m any companies struggle with. The primary challenge is to successfully and efficaciously place, out of the hayrick of possibilities that exist, commercially obliging bluish ocean chances.